| 
			
			 
 
 
  
			from
			
			OpenSeti Webpage 
			  
			Charles Hall's Millennial Hospitality 
			book series, describing his encounters with a race of human-like 
			extraterrestrials - the “Tall Whites” (TW) - during a two year duty 
			assignment at Nellis Air Force Base from 1965 to 1967, is a story 
			with tremendous visual impact.  
			  
			Situated on Nevada's vast Desert 
			National Wildlife Range, a scenic wilderness containing almost no 
			artificial structures, the Nellis Ranges consist of almost nothing 
			but breathtaking scenery.
 This is the backdrop against which Hall's story plays out. Every 
			event he describes can be said to consist of the same basic 
			elements: the landscape, the weather, the people (humans and 
			humanoids), the craft, sometimes the weather shacks... the 
			occasional glimpse of a hangar door and, believe it or not, the TW 
			children's playgrounds.
 
 The story cries out for visuals of these elements. Yet it was not 
			possible for Hall to provide us with anything other than his 
			memories.
 
 Visuals would have had value beyond the esthetic: they also would 
			have demonstrated the feasibility of some of the things Hall 
			describes. For example, he writes that he was able to view the Tall 
			Whites' main hangar entrance high in the mountains 30 miles north of 
			his Range 3 theodolite position on the desert floor. A photograph of 
			that unlikely view would have helped to support the story.
 
 Twenty years after his discharge from the Air Force, Hall began 
			writing down his experiences, and after another twenty years, 
			published them - at first presenting his books as works of fiction. 
			Had he never reversed himself and begun claiming them to be true 
			stories albeit slightly modified to protect the identities of some 
			of the characters, there would have been no point in going back and 
			trying to reconstruct the events as they took place on the ground.
 
 When he was writing his stories, he did not know that it might be 
			possible to reconstruct how they fitted into the landscape and in 
			that way test the possibility of what he claimed to have viewed.
 
 He did not know that high resolution elevation data and satellite 
			imagery of the Nellis ranges would ever be made available to the 
			public, or that software capable of rendering photorealistic images 
			from the raw data would be widely available.
 
 And yet, these things have come to pass, and this makes it possible 
			to create realistic illustrations and even a video animation of at 
			least one element of his story: the landscape in which it takes 
			place.
 
 I first began experimenting with the geological data, the satellite 
			images, and landscape rendering software in late 2004, hoping to 
			have a first look at “geometric feasibility” and to add interest to 
			Hall's narrative.
 
 The results were successful on both counts. In each instance, the 
			views described by Hall turned out to be confirmed by the graphic 
			renderings. And the images were pleasing and even dramatic to look 
			at.
 
 One unexpected benefit from this work has been the opportunity it 
			has given Charles Hall to relive his old experiences through viewing 
			these illustrations. Here is what he wrote in an e-mail after having 
			been shown the report as a work-in-progress:
 
 They are so impressive, I can hardly describe them. The memories 
			they bring back to me I am not able to describe in this short email.
 
 Indeed, working with these images has given me the feeling that I 
			know the terrain well, and they can bring that closeness to you 
			also.
 
 But what of the other elements that we would like to have: weather, 
			people, spacecrafts, and structures?
 
 Here we are dependent on what Charles Hall remembers and is willing 
			to help us recreate in terms of drawings and verbal descriptions. He 
			has supplied two sketches of spacecraft shapes, and from this a 
			graphic model has been developed. This is included in the report.
 
 Weather and lighting conditions are amply described in his books 
			where relevant, and it has been possible to recreate that aspect in 
			the landscape renderings.
 
 Hall also describes the weather shacks in some detail, and they do 
			play a role in his experiences. I have elected not to take on the 
			task of rendering architecture in the present report, however, as 
			this would require significant additional effort, and it remains to 
			be seen if there will any interest in it.
 
 As to the rest, we can hope that this report itself will stimulate 
			Hall's memories to the extent that he will be able to contribute 
			more information that can be included in future updates.
 
 
 
			Airman First 
			Class Charles James Hall
 
			  
			
			
			Nellis Air Force Base with its associated "restricted ranges" 
			occupies more than 5000 square miles of southern and central Nevada 
			desert.  
			  
			
			Nellis is a vast military reservation, home of "top gun" 
			flight training, exotic and leading-edge R&D projects. To the 
			civilian airman, Nellis lies under restricted airspace, which makes 
			it in effect a "no-fly zone".  
			  
			
			To the rest of us, it is a no-man’s 
			land, a blank spot on the map, a black hole out of which no 
			information may come. 
			  
			
			 
			"click" image for 
			detailed information 
			  
			
			That is, no information is supposed to come, although fabulous 
			stories have emerged over the years. Recently there has been a new 
			one, told by a one-time air force weather observer whose assigned 
			duty took him to a desolate outpost ninety miles northwest of Nellis 
			AFB proper, for extended periods between 1965 and 1967.
 Today Charles James Hall is a nuclear physicist, actively employed 
			in Albuquerque, NM. In 1965-66, Airman First Class Charles Hall was 
			Range Weather Observer for several gunnery ranges. There was nothing 
			whatsoever exotic about his official duty assignment, and that is 
			what makes it possible for this story to be told today. Hall’s job 
			was to release and track weather balloons, measure the "winds 
			aloft", and call in reports to Nellis.
 
			  
			
			What was unique about his 
			situation was that as he was performing his weather observing 
			duties, he was almost continuously surrounded by a group of 
			extraterrestrials observing him. The beings would be in his weather 
			shacks, all over his equipment, even watching him shower in his 
			(otherwise-deserted) barracks, coming and going with complete 
			freedom.
 This curious feature of his work was apparently never directly 
			discussed with his superiors. Did they know? Of course they did, and 
			they let Hall know that every person who had previously held that 
			assignment had been seriously attacked or at least warned away on 
			threat of death.
 
			  
			
			Over a period of seven years, at least 41 weather 
			observers had been compromised while trying to perform their duties 
			on the Nellis ranges. Some had required hospitalization and were 
			given medical discharges from the air force, and some had been 
			killed. Hall’s immediate predecessor in this position actually 
			deserted the air force and moved away from the area. His buddies 
			covered for him until the day of his actual discharge, when he 
			showed up to sign the papers.
 On one occasion they even turned on Hall without warning, grievously 
			wounding him and leaving him to lie in the dust and die. In that 
			desperate situation, alone and miles from any Earthly help, Hall 
			conceived a way to save his own life.
 
 Showing talent for being a survivor, Hall was eventually told he 
			could have that job as long as he wanted, and was offered an officer 
			track through the Air Force Academy and and an eventual permanent 
			assignment as Nellis Range commander (with time out for other 
			career-enhancing assignments).
 
 Hall’s experiences were never classified but his orders were highly 
			classified. The reason for this mysterious arrangement is novel and 
			highly surprising. Hall’s own explanation is provided under 
			Correspondence in the sidebar at the left -- but it would be best to 
			read the rest of this page before looking at that, because you will 
			then be able to appreciate how it actually adds consistency to his 
			story.
 
 Hall’s experience with the extraterrestrials at Nellis / Indian 
			Springs is too long and complex to be told here. He has published 
			the complete chronicle in his 
			
			Millennial Hospitality trilogy.
			The books are presented as fiction, and Hall goes to great lengths 
			to fictionalize the locale as well as names of the characters, 
			including his own. However in current interviews, Hall now 
			acknowledges that the events described in the books are otherwise 
			factual.
 
 To "decode" the story, simply apply the following:
 
			  
			  
				
					
						| 
						Fictionalized  | 
						Real  |  
						| 
						Las Vegas  | 
						Las Vegas  |  
						| 
						Palm Meadows  | 
						Las Vegas  |  
						| 
						Desert Center  | 
						Nellis  |  
						| 
						Mojave Wells  | 
						Indian Springs  |  
			  
			  
			  
			
			Salient Characteristics of the Tall White ETs 
			
			Hall has described these beings as tall 
			- ranging upwards of 6-7 feet in height - and quite thin and frail. 
			The skin color is chalk white. They are physically different from us 
			in several noticeable ways, yet the most important physical aspect 
			is that they are humanoid, a fact that is filled with significance.
 
			
			Their life span is about ten times ours. They do not age as we do, 
			but after around 400 earth years' time they undergo a second stage 
			of growth, eventually reaching around nine feet in height. They die 
			of organ failure at an age of approximately 800 years.
 
 According to exobiologists, extraterrestrials are not supposed to 
			resemble us, as they should have developed independently via natural 
			selection with randomness and varying environments leading to 
			innumerable "genetic" paths. On the other hand, some scientists 
			speculate that there will be resemblances due to the universal 
			utility of various aspects of the human form (i.e., what's good for 
			us should be good for everyone).
 
 Meanwhile, a number of encounters known in the "UFO" field are with 
			entities that can look quite human - so much so that a deep 
			connection simply has to exist. The present case is one of these. 
			(See 
			Challenges to Darwinism 
			- Panspermia and Theories of Guided Evolution.)
 
 The Tall Whites have a physical form similar to ours in all gross 
			aspects. That is, they are upright bipedal vertebrates; they have 
			human-like faces, etc. With suitable clothing, they can and do pass 
			as humans during well-guarded forays into Las Vegas.
 
 Their life span is about ten times ours. They do not age as we do, 
			but after around 400 earth years' time they begin a second stage of 
			growth, eventually reaching around nine feet in height. They die of 
			organ failure at an age of approximately 800 years. The Tall Whites 
			have the faculty of speech, but some of their speech sounds are 
			outside the audible spectrum for humans. In other words, we can't 
			hear the sounds.
 
 Normal speech sounds “like a dog barking or a meadowlark singing”. 
			However, some Tall Whites can mimic human speech and in fact carry 
			on normal conversations with humans. Some have demonstrated an 
			ability to imitate specific humans so well that the imitation cannot 
			be detected when used over a telephone.
 
 They also can use a device that projects speech so that it is heard 
			by humans within their head. This works only over a short range 
			(several feet) and requires the human to turn the head sideways to 
			the Tall White.
 
 The device is also a language translator. According to its settings 
			from time to time, Hall was occasionally able to overhear Tall 
			Whites conversing among themselves as though they were speaking 
			English.
 
 As stated, there was a pattern of confrontations with our personnel, 
			in which panic led to injury and death of our soldiers. These beings 
			are all well-armed, and they can and do kill, sometimes at the 
			tiniest provocation. They react and move much more rapidly than 
			humans can, so if they decide you have threatened them, you may be 
			cut down and bleeding out without having even been warned.
 
 Every Tall White adult carries a pencil-like weapon that can be set 
			to stun, kill, immobilize, or "hypnotize" humans. It can also 
			administer severe pain, and they frequently use it to discipline 
			people who act in ways that annoy, frighten, or endanger them. The 
			weapon's actions and effects are accomplished by varying the 
			frequency of focused microwaves to interact with specific ions in 
			the human body.
 
 Although they can be friendly, they are at times arrogant and 
			insulting. They appear to be sensitive to our social structures 
			(i.e., classes), for example cultivating relations with high-ranking 
			military officials, some of whom were often seen working with them, 
			while holding lesser-ranking persons in disdain. Hall got along with 
			them by letting them treat him as their "pet", a term they used in 
			his presence.
 
 In time, the term "Teacher's Pet" became Hall's code name that was 
			respected among the ETs and the ranking military who were aware of 
			his activities. He was selected by "both governments" to function as 
			the point man in a pilot program to explore paths of cultural 
			acclimatization between the tall whites and ourselves. Because of 
			everyone's tendency to panic, and the ETs to strike with their 
			weapons, Hall was awarded commendations for the rare bravery that he 
			exhibited during this period.
 
 The Tall White group at Nellis have family structures, not unlike 
			our extended families. They often point out family members - uncles 
			and cousins, etc., - who are living and working with them on the 
			Nellis Base. They seem to care greatly for their children, who are 
			growing up and being educated out there in the sagebrush.
 
 They have what we would call serious issues over "control". They 
			felt the need to control their pet, just as they observed us 
			controlling ours.
 
 In all our fantasies of extraterrestrial contact, we probably never 
			imagined it would be like this. They are altogether too much like 
			ourselves for our own comfort. Is that cause to doubt the 
			authenticity of the story? Beware of that logic.
 
 This aspect - that the Tall Whites deport themselves much as we 
			would when establishing a small base with family quarters in the 
			midst of a hostile land - deserves much more discussion. The point 
			has natural interfaces with other pages in Open SETI and will 
			connect to the Open SETI paradigm at several levels.
 
			  
			This will be addressed over time. (See
			
			Open SETI At A Glance and also
			
			Search Engine Results for "paradigm".)
 
 
 Origin
 
				
					
					
					A ripple of emotion passed 
					through the crowd when I mentioned the star Arcturus, some 
					36 light years away. After a short pause, the older lady 
					asked with some surprise, "Teacher, does Charlie know where 
					we come from?"
					
					The Teacher replied, "No, not 
					quite, but he is close." 
			When asked where they came from, they 
			would usually evade the question by reminding him that he would not 
			recognize the name of the place if he heard them speak it. 
			   
			This is disingenuous as they well knew 
			that we had our own names for many celestial objects and they could 
			use them as well as they could communicate anything else in English 
			to Hall. Typically they would laugh among themselves (in their 
			barking way) whenever they threw this response to Charles -- their 
			little joke on him. Charles wisely refrained from protesting. 
			In fact, they treated such topics as being what we would call 
			"sensitive". However, Hall, via the telepathic link they often 
			established with him, was able to perceive that the star Arcturus or 
			something close to Arcturus is very important to them.
 
 Their ultimate home may be somewhere else. In recent correspondence, 
			Hall stated:
 
 I was never able to determine which star the tall whites called 
			their home star. However, my best guess was a star that is roughly 
			105 light years away.
 
 Hall's "best guess" was most likely an excellent guess, as he had 
			been able to figure out their route transit times from very careful 
			observations of the different craft and their schedules.
 
 The date of their establishing the present Earth base location is 
			ambiguous. Hall received mental imagery suggesting they knew the 
			area prior to the arrival of European-Americans. Furthermore, one of 
			them suggested she had arrived here during the administration of our 
			President Madison. However the various bunkers and interior spaces 
			that Hall observed looked as though they had been built for the Tall 
			Whites by U.S. construction firms sometime in the 1950s.
 
 Hall was led to believe that they use their Earth base as a sort of 
			waystation along lengthy interstellar travel routes, as though this 
			were the only intermediate station for them. As Hall puts it, our 
			solar system lies in the middle of a large open space that the Tall 
			Whites must traverse between their home location and a certain 
			distant destination.
 
 But a glance at a table of distances to the closest stars from our 
			system puts that explanation in some question.
 
 
			
			The Nearest Stars
 
 
				
					
						| 
						
						distance (l.y.)
 | 
						
						name |  
						| 
						
			4.22  | 
						
						Proxima Centauri |  
						| 
						
			4.35  | 
						
						Alpha Centauri |  
						| 
						
			5.91  | 
						
						Barnard’s Star |  
						| 
						
			7.70  | 
						
						Wolf 359 |  
						| 
						
			8.20  | 
						
						BD+36.2147 |  
						| 
						
			8.40  | 
						
						L-726-8A |  
						| 
						
			8.60  | 
						
						Sirius-A |  
						| 
						
						8.60  | 
						
						Sirius-B |  
						| 
						
			9.40  | 
						
						Ross 154 |  
						| 
						
			10.40  | 
						
						Ross 248 |  
						| 
						
			10.80  | 
						
						Epsilon Eridani |  
						| 
						
			10.90  | 
						
						Ross 128 |  
						| 
						
			11.10  | 
						
						61 Cygni |    
			
			Clearly there are many alternative choices for a base relatively 
			nearby.
 
			  
			
			This means that if it is even true that the Tall Whites must 
			have a base to use on the way from their home location to somewhere 
			beyond here, there still must either be something special about our 
			solar system and the Earth, or other choices are denied to them. 
			
			One thing that could be special is the simple fact that they like 
			the climate and environment of the Nevada desert and would not 
			consider any other place in our solar system. Not even another place 
			on the Earth, apparently. It is possible that they need conditions 
			that rather precisely match those of their home, and we are in no 
			position to guess how widespread or rare such may be. They may, for 
			example, require some trace element in our atmosphere.
 
 At this point it is worth mentioning that 
			
			Michael Salla has been 
			thinking about what the more hidden purposes or activities of the 
			Tall Whites might be. Since we have at this time only the most 
			tangential information bearing on the purposes of the Tall Whites, 
			it is worthwhile for the reader in making his own evaluation to 
			
			examine Dr. Salla’s statements.
 
			
			At any rate, if Arcturus or something close to Arcturus may be 
			significant in connection with the activities of the Tall Whites, it 
			would be well to review a little basic information about this star.
 
			  
			 
			  
			
			Arcturus, the alpha star of the constellation Boötes, is the fourth 
			brightest star in the sky. A spectral type K1 star, an orange giant, 
			Arcturus has ceased fusing hydrogen in its core. With 1.5 times the 
			mass of our Sun, it releases 215 times more radiation, a 
			considerable portion of which is in the infrared.
 Boötes is one of the oldest defined constellations, having been 
			mentioned in Homer’s The Odyssey. This constellation has figured in 
			other contact cases.
 
 The following image links to a 3-D view of the solar neighborhood 
			out to 50 light years. You will find Arcturus near the top, well 
			above the plane occupied by our sun. As you gaze at this lovely 
			image, ask yourself: Our solar system is the only possible base on 
			the way from Arcturus to WHERE?
 
 Note that the map shows only the brightest 10% of the roughly 1400 
			star systems contained within this volume of space, but most of the 
			fainter stars are red dwarfs. Every G-type star is shown.
 
 
			
            
			
            
			 
			"click" above image 
			to see full catalog data on each star shown 
			  
			
			The Tall Whites’ base seems to have a core of permanent residents 
			but also hosts transients, such as visiting scientists. While here, 
			they study such human behaviors as are available for observation 
			around Nellis.
 
 
			
			Technology
 
			
			The Tall Whites obviously possess highly-advanced technology.
 
			  
			
			Hall 
			confined his descriptions of their technology to brief discussions 
			of their deep space craft, the scout craft used for travel near the 
			earth's surface and around the solar system, a weapon that they 
			always carried, and special suits that afforded them limited 
			levitation and also a defensive force field. 
			
			Brief descriptions of the deep space and scout crafts are scattered 
			throughout Millennial Hospitality. From those descriptions and some 
			private communication with Charles Hall, simple details of the two 
			types of craft have been provided in the following table and figure.
 
			  
			  
				
					
						| 
 |  |  |  
						|  |  |  |  
						|  |  |  |  
						|  | 
							2 large 
							centered 1/3 up from bottom |  |  
						|  |  |  |  
			  
			  
			
			 
			
			Orthographic views of generic scout craft according to Hall's 
			description.  
			
			3D model courtesy of Magda Gemis, Samuel Michelet, and Bruno 
			Michelet. 
 
			
			Hall also was able to catch at least a glimpse of a scout ship's 
			propulsion system, which appears to be based on “fiber optic coils” 
			with a very large number of windings. From his observations of this 
			system, Hall developed a physics theory that could describe its mode 
			of operation.
 The deep space ships were capable of faster-than-light travel, and 
			could take the ETs to their home star system within two or three 
			months' time.
 
 The scout ships, surprisingly, were assembled here on Earth with 
			components provided by humans for the ETs according to their 
			specifications.
 
 From an interview with Michael Salla:
 
				
				In book two I describe the afternoon 
				when The Teacher and Range Four Harry were showing me the inside 
				of one of the scout craft. Many of the items, such as the seats 
				and the overhead compartments, still carried the mold markings 
				placed on them by various American industries such as Boeing 
				aircraft and Lockheed corporation. The overhead compartments 
				were obviously "off-the-shelf" items from companies such as 
				Airstream corporation. Many of the clothing items that the tall 
				whites were wearing were obviously purchased straight out of the 
				Sears and Montgomery Wards Catalogs. 
			
			Yet these craft were capable of what appeared to be gravity-free and 
			massless operations and could accelerate to superluminal speeds (Open 
			SETI Physics 101). They were not as reliable in operation 
			as the aliens would have wished.
 Hall noted a very important limitation of the propulsion system used 
			in these ships: its tendency to overheat, threatening the integrity 
			of its fiber optic coils. The need to minimize active propulsion 
			phases of interplanetary flights (i.e., earth approaches and 
			cislunar flight paths; little is known relating to interstellar 
			operations), leads the Tall Whites to make maximum use of ballistic 
			trajectories, and this in turn enabled Hall to correctly deduce the 
			times of scheduled earth arrivals and departures.
 
 In his tour of the scout craft, Hall noticed two rows of 
			touch-sensitive buttons just inside the door. Significantly, they 
			bore cartouche-like symbols, Egyptian-style except with more 
			pictorial elements in them than typical cartouches would have.
 
 Hall notes that touch-sensitive buttons were just beginning to 
			appear in human-made systems at that time.
 
 And incidentally, the scout craft buttons were not the only example 
			of hieroglyphs or cartouches encountered by Hall. He describes 
			having found a hangar door open one day, with no one guarding, so he 
			took the opportunity to go a short distance inside. He found the 
			walls to be covered with cartouches, oddly colored pink against a 
			white background.
 
 Information about Tall White technology is scattered throughout the 
			Millennial Hospitality series. An ongoing program of technology 
			transfer is described in MH III and in the Karmapolis interview.
 
 For more information about their technology, please refer to the 
			published books and to material available at various websites (see 
			links at right).
 
 
			
			
 Where Was/Is the Base at Nellis?
 
			
			It has been possible to reconstruct views of the locations of Tall 
			Whites' operations and facilities according to Charles Hall's 
			recollection.
 
			  
			
			Although readers will not be able to verify this 
			information on the ground, it still seems useful to go through this 
			exercise in hopes that it may aid in the overall evaluation of the 
			case and the situation, to say nothing of enhancing the sense of 
			place in a way that text alone cannot provide. 
			  
			
			  
			  
			
			It has been possible to reconstruct views of the locations of Tall 
			Whites’ operations and facilities according to Charles Hall’s 
			recollection.  
			  
			
			Although readers will not be able to verify this 
			information on the ground, it still seems useful to go through this 
			exercise in hopes that it may aid in the overall evaluation of the 
			case and the situation. 
			
			
			 To set the scene, here are two overhead views of the area.
 
			  
			
			The first 
			image (below-left) indicates the general location of facilities in the north: the 
			hangar entrance used by the deep space ships; and the housing 
			facility, situated inside the Pintwater Range; a landing area and 
			"back door" tunnel entrances to the northwest. 
			 
			  
			
			This is actually 
			slightly incorrect; the tunnel entrances should have been placed 
			farther to the east, in the mountain proper. Gunnery and bombing 
			ranges that figured in Hall’s story are also shown.
 Hall is aware of at least seven entrances concealed in the mountain 
			canyons. The main entrance to housing is through the hangar on the 
			east side of the mountain range. (image 
			left)
 
 
			
			The next view was an earlier graphic construction which did not 
			include French Peak on the west; it also lacked labels on the main 
			valleys. However Hall has added important new data to this image.  
			  
			
			A 
			composite of these images will be placed here when it becomes 
			available. (image above right)
     
			Facilities and 
			Activities 
			Numerous facilities and activities within the Pintwater Range and 
			the prominent dry lake in Three Lakes Valley, known as “Dog Bone 
			Lake”, will be described.
 
			  
			
			 
			Relief view of area 
			encompassing Tall White activities  
			Hall is aware of at least seven entrances concealed in the mountain 
			canyons.
   
			The main entrance to housing is through 
			the hangar on the east side of the mountain range, top right in the 
			above chart. Notice the three gunnery and bombing ranges located 
			just north of the Indian Springs area. Hall made use of “weather 
			shacks” located on each range. The position of the theodolite at the 
			Range Three weather shack is shown.    
			Hall writes (personal 
			communication): 
				
				The tall whites had at least 5 areas 
				of interest visible from the Range Three theodolite stand.
 These five areas included:
 
 
				
				1) 
				The main base and its deep space 
				craft hangar located northwest of Dog Bone Lake. It had an 
				associated children's playground... 
				  
				
				 
				Tall White 
				facilities and deep space craft final approach path to the 
				hangar at the northern end of the Pintwater Range. 
				 
				Image courtesy of 
				Google Maps®. A pilot's eye video of the approach has been 
				provided farther down on this page.    
				Arriving deep space craft were 
				observed to first hover or land at Dog Bone Lake near the upper 
				end of Three Lakes Valley, then to proceed northwest to the 
				hangar entrance, which is built into a mountainside.    
				Arrivals always occurred at sundown, 
				full moon. 
				  
				
				 
				Sun-Earth-Moon 
				configuration for approach of deep space craft.  
				This is a rough 
				two-dimensional representation. Sizes and distances are not to 
				scale.  
				Hall observed 
				that arrivals always occurred at sundown on full moon days. 
 
				Hall believes that this 
				configuration, with the sun on one side of the earth and the 
				moon on the other, and the earth moving away from the 
				approaching craft, provided the “smoothest” gravitational field 
				through which the craft needed to maneuver.    
				This might have been an 
				oversimplified explanation, yet clearly, with the crafts' 
				propulsion units' tendency to overheat, the Tall Whites were not 
				free to choose any arbitrary entry into the earth-moon system. 
				They needed a path that minimized the required use of the 
				propulsion system. It is also possible that the craft were 
				hand-navigated on the approaches and that this factor played a 
				role.
 Deep space craft departures took place at midnight at the time 
				of the new moon.
 
				  
				
				 
				Configuration for 
				deep space craft departures. Not to scale.  
				Hall observed 
				that departures to deep space always occurred at midnight at the 
				time of the new moon.  
				    
				
				 
				Arriving deep 
				space craft proceed northwest, along the line of sight viewed in 
				this image, from Dog Bone Lake to this peak.  
				The hangar, which 
				is also the main entrance to the Tall Whites' underground 
				housing,  
				is built into the 
				top of the peak; its entrance is just below the top, facing 
				south, approximately  
				where a patch of 
				sunlight from the setting sun can be seen.  
				Approaches are 
				made at sundown on full moon evenings 
 
   
				
				2) The 
				main underground alien housing area with its tunnel entrances 
				and associated children's' 
				playground....
 Let's stop and investigate how much of this main northern 
				facility can be seen with Hall's theodolite, positioned as it 
				is, some 30 miles to the south.
 
 There are two considerations: does the terrain profile permit 
				this view, and what would be the effect of the telescope's 
				optics and magnification?
 
 Addressing the first question, the next image shows the viewing 
				path from the theodolite up the valley. Clearly the valley is 
				relatively flat and the high terrain in the distance would seem 
				to be unobstructed.
 
				  
				
				 
				3D view of 
				terrain looking from theodolite position toward the facilities 
				thirty miles north at the north end of the valley. 
				 
				Dog Bone Lake is 
				in valley to the right (east).    
				The next image is a landscape render 
				of the ground-level view from the theodolite stand, showing that 
				much of the high terrain to the north is indeed visible. 
				  
				
				 
				Ground-level 
				(elevation 2 m) view from the theodolite position toward the 
				high ground at the north end of Indian Spring Valley. 
				 
				In other words, 
				this is the view along the green dotted line in the previous 
				image.  
				The peak 
				containing the main hangar and housing is faintly seen on the 
				distant skyline to the right of center.  
				This image 
				provides no information on land use (roads, etc.). 
				   
				[The above image] is so well done, I 
				found myself reliving some of those beautiful afternoons when I 
				took my truck for a joy ride up the valley.When you look at the center of the picture , and then a little 
				to the right, right down on the desert where the desert floor 
				meets the base of the distant mountains, just behind the near 
				set of hills and just far enough to the right so that the near 
				set of hills does not block the view of the more distant 
				mountains, there is a small valley.
 
				  
				It was in that valley that 
				the Tall Whites would typically post a scout craft to parallel 
				me and watch me from a distance whenever I would take my truck 
				up the valley for a joy-ride... as I describe in Book II, in the 
				chapter entitled "Day with a view". 
 We will return to this point later. This watching of Hall on his 
				trips north could have been for his protection, as at one point 
				he had a nearly disastrous encounter with a government security 
				patrol on one of these excursions.
   
				As to the effect of the telescope's 
				optics and magnification: 
				  
				
				 
				Deep space craft 
				hangar and underground housing area  
				as seen from 
				range 3 theodolite position through typical theodolite scope 
				with 1.5° field of view.  
				Distance is about 
				30.5 miles.  
				“I was shocked by 
				the accuracy of [this image], the view through the theodolite.
				 
				On many, many 
				summer mornings, those mountains looked just that way through my 
				theodolite.”  
				    
				
				 
				Similar to 
				previous figure but “taken” just before sunset.  
				Hall mentioned 
				that his ability to see the hangar and picnic area on this 
				mountain was best just before sunset, as here, and just after 
				sunrise.  
				Nevertheless 30 
				miles of obliquely-illuminated haze does seem to be causing a 
				problem with seeing in this rendition.  
				    
				
				 
				The peak 
				containing the hangar, viewed along the line of sight from 
				 the Range 3 
				theodolite (which was Hall's usual viewing position), but only 
				4.2 km from the peak.  
				The time is just 
				before sunset. The blue/white star marks the position of the 
				hangar entrance.  
				The red/white 
				star designates the location of a picnic area (!) which is what 
				first caught Hall's attention.  
				The hangar door 
				was hidden among the trees and was hard to spot (through the 
				theodolite from 30 miles away) when closed.  
				Note: the 
				landscape renderings on this page do not actually depict trees.
				 
				    
				
				 
				Departure of 
				scoutcraft from an important landing area northwest of the main 
				housing area which is under the mountains.  
				View is toward 
				the southeast at dawn,  
				the time of day 
				when Hall observed scoutcraft departing with military guests for 
				visits to the moon,  
				which would be 
				directly overhead.  
				Canyons in these 
				mountains contain at least seven concealed tunnel entrances - 
				back doors to the underground housing. 
 
 
				  
				3) 
				Their favorite scout craft hangar and underground rest area 
				located in the arroyo just northwest of the dry lake bed on 
				which sat the old Range Four. It had an associated children's 
				play ground....
 This facility can be located at the very top of the following 
				image.
 
				  
				
				 
				This satellite 
				image shows the locations of the gunnery and bombing ranges, 
				scoutcraft hangar, playground,  
				and other Tall 
				White activities at the southern end of the Nellis Range. 
				 
				Image courtesy of 
				Google Maps®. 
 
				Notice the "Scout-craft Parking" area 
				in the middle of the above image. This was a sheltered area in 
				which Hall often saw a scout craft "parked" when he drove by, 
				headed north.  
				  
				The next image shows the situation a 
				bit more clearly... 
				  
				
				 
				The road running 
				north-south (note the compass rose) at the foot of the hills was 
				used by Hall on his excursions to the northern end of Indian 
				Springs Valley.  
				He often would 
				see a scout craft parked in the little valley to his right, in 
				the center of the picture, observing him as he passed by. 
				 
				The craft would 
				then follow or “parallel” Hall's truck from a distance 
				 
				  
				  
				
				 
				A closer overhead 
				view of the favorite Tall White rest and play area.  
				An anomalous 
				white object or spot can be seen at left center (i.e., over 
				rough terrain to the west).  
				Parallax studies 
				indicate that this object is on the ground. 
 
				  
				
				 
				View toward the 
				rest and play area from the Range 3 theodolite position. 
				 
				The area is 
				concealed between the two fingers of high ground in center of 
				picture.  
				...had its hangar door dug into the southern side of an 
				east-west arroyo.
 
 View looking west into the arroyo:
 
				  
				
				 
				Looking west into 
				the Tall Whites' favorite rest and play area.  
				A scout craft 
				hangar was built into the south (left) wall of this canyon area.
				 
				"Another 
				shockingly good rendition.  
				It sure brings 
				back the memories.  
				However, there is 
				an additional arroyo that [this figure] does not show becasue of 
				the resolution.  
				It runs through 
				the center of the valley.”  
				This image was 
				prepared from 1/3 arcsecond-resolution elevation data. 
				 
				
 
				  
				4) 
				Two other scout craft hangars and underground rest areas with 
				associated children's play areas located in the lower mountains 
				in the northern parts of the Indian Springs valley. These two 
				are not otherwise described in my current books and writings. 
				One of them appeared to include additional food storage and 
				processing facilities but I'm not certain of the details.
 In an e-mail to Dr. 
				
				Richard Boylan, Charles 
				Hall stated,
 
					
					"In the 1965-1967 time frame, I 
					personally and frequently observed on many separate 
					occasions the tall white scout craft and the tall whites 
					entering and leaving the valley just below French Peak. 
					Several of the range maintenance men at that time informed 
					me that the tall whites had at least a scout craft base dug 
					in toward the top of French Peak." 
				He also writes (in other 
				correspondence):  
					
					I'm not certain where the scout 
					craft hanger on French Peak is located. However, my friends 
					reported seeing the Tall Whites gathering grass seeds and 
					other seeds in the fall, on the mountains that I have 
					circled in red. 
					Sometimes, I also saw scout craft in the valleys below that 
					area.
 
 Several of the other scout craft hangers in the northern end 
					of the Indian Springs valley were hidden down in narrow 
					east/west valleys with steep sides. For these reasons, I, 
					myself, would look for the scout craft hanger inside of the 
					red ellipse as well.
 
				View of French Peak from the south. 
				  
				
				 
				French Peak.
				 
				Text describes 
				Tall White activities in the area enclosed by the ellipse and 
				the broad valley to the north. 
 
				In addition, the map shows the 
				entrances to the Indian Springs valley on the west (in yellow, 
				etc.) which the tall whites liked to use when they were 
				traveling between Indian Springs Valley and the valleys that 
				lead up to French Peak. They used these corridors sometimes on a 
				daily basis.
 Remember these corridors allowed them to safely travel from 
				place to place without showing up on the FAA radar screens. I'm 
				certain they terrain-followed these corridors up to the base of 
				French Peak.
 
 As Hall has explained, while their presence at Nellis was 
				sanctioned at high levels, the Tall Whites maintained a very low 
				profile, and tried to avoid unnecessary radar detections of 
				their craft when operating in the ranges. Hall describes “radar 
				evasion corridors” used by the Tall Whites' scout craft 
				transitioning between the lower Indian Springs Valley (near 
				Range 3) and the area south of French Peak.
 
				  
				
				 
				View west into 
				"radar evasion corridors" used by the scout craft.  
				This is as they 
				would be seen from an elevated position near Range 3... in other 
				words,  
				a “pilot's eye” 
				view of the parallel ridges.  
				Craft would 
				“terrain follow” just north of these ridges below the ridgeline
				 
				to avoid 
				detection by radar on Charleston Peak, well to the south. 
				 
				The next image shows the configuration of Charleston Peak, the 
				theodolite positions for ranges 1 and 3, and the radar evasion 
				corridors.
 
				  
				
				 
				The radar station 
				of concern to the Tall Whites is installed on Charleston Peak,
				 
				a recreational 
				area to the south of the ranges.  
				The ski area, 
				seen as a small white blotch at the tip of the labeling arrow,
				 
				plays a crucial 
				role in the Christmas Eve emergency arrival of a deep space 
				craft, to be described below. 
 
  Radar evasion corridors as seen from just over Charleston Peak 
				where radar is located.
 
				Scout craft would 
				“terrain follow” behind the low ridges seen in the distant haze, 
				beyond the foreground ridge and to the right of center. 
				 
					
					“I was equally impressed by this 
					figure. It clearly shows why the Tall Whites preferred to 
					terrain-follow close to the desert and hide in the radar 
					corridors.”  
				Some of my friends who were range 
				maintenance men said they had observed the tall white scout 
				craft continuing on up the sides of French Peak to another scout 
				craft hangar entrance up towards the top.
 
			  
			Christmas Eve 
			Emergency Arrival of a Deep Space Craft 
			An important episode in Hall's story dealt with his role in 
			facilitating the arrival of a severely damaged Tall White craft from 
			deep interstellar space.
 From the evidence, it appears the problem with the arriving craft 
			had been known by the local Tall Whites and by our military for at 
			least two months.
 
 As in so many of his encounters at Nellis, the landscape itself 
			played a significant part. Hall's actions took place at Ranges 1 and 
			3, while the craft itself made its initial arrival at a ski 
			development on Charleston Peak, which became a base for the 
			operation, after being evacuated for this purpose.
 
 The last two figures in the previous section, shown in connection 
			with the “radar evasion corridors”, along with the figures in this 
			section, demonstrate the geometry of the landscape underlying this 
			event, and show what can be seen from each of the ranges.
 
			  
			
			 
			Topographic map 
			depicting the ranges and Charleston Peak to the south.  
			Note that Range 3 is 
			almost directly north of Charleston Peak, providing a direct view 
			into the base area. 
			 
			 
 
  Charleston Peak viewed along the bearing from Range 3 (note the 
			compass rose),
 
			exposing the base 
			facilities of the ski area. 
			 
			 
 
  Charleston Peak viewed from the bearing along which lies Range 1.
 
			This Keyhole® image 
			clearly shows the ski runs. Coordinates are shown at bottom. 
			 
			 
 
  Charleston Peak from Range 1 (ground level).
 
			 
 
  Charleston Peak (center rear) viewed from Range 3, early December.
 
			Hall facilitated the 
			arrival of a disabled deep space craft that briefly used ski area 
			base facilities.  
			“This is another 
			shockingly impressive view from the Range #3 theodolite.” 
			 
			
 
			  
			
			Children of the Tall Whites 
			
			Notice the reference to playgrounds at virtually every Tall White 
			facility. In fact, Hall’s weather shacks were playgrounds for the 
			Tall Whites’ children. He especially endeared himself to them by 
			leaving his theodolite open and allowing the children to look 
			through it whenever they wished.
 
			
			In one of his radio interviews, Hall mentions that "The Teacher’s" 
			constant refrain was "We love our children more than you do," and in 
			fact if you know what’s good for you, you will open every 
			conversation with a Tall White female by saying "I know you love 
			your children more than we love ours."
 
 In his 
			interview with 
			Salla, Hall mentions:
 
				
				One of the big items [supplied to the Tall Whites by the US 
			military] was children’s clothing. In the mid 1960s, on at least one 
			occasion, the USAF purchased more than $600,000 [1965 dollars, as 
			one of Salla’s readers points out!] worth of children’s clothing 
			from the Sears stores and warehouse in Los Angeles, California, 
			picked it up in government trucks, and shipped it to Indian Springs 
			Auxiliary Field, Nevada. The trucks delivered the clothing to the 
				main Tall White base at the north end of Indian Springs Valley. 
			
			Let’s do a bit of arithmetic. A children’s "outfit" today might sell 
			for around $75. That might be equivalent to, say, $15 in 1965. Very 
			roughly, the shipment then might have contained some 40,000 
			"outfits". A child might have required, say, three outfits for their 
			wardrobe at one time. But our children outgrow their clothing. So 
			would those of the Tall Whites.  
			  
			
			Furthermore, since the TWs in 
			general live ten times as long as we do, their childhood years might 
			also run ten times ours. Therefore if an Earth child, outgrowing 
			clothing from time to time, might go through or wear out some five 
			sets of clothes, then each Tall White child ultimately speaks for 3 
			x 5 x 10 = 150 outfits. That means the order would have equipped 
			some 250-300 children with their clothing needs.
 It would be useful to determine how many children were present in 
			the colony. If there were significantly fewer than 250 children, 
			this would suggest that some of the clothing was for use elsewhere - 
			either elsewhere on the planet or off.
 
 In a letter, Hall 
			indicates that the number of children present may have fluctuated 
			greatly over time, but could have occasionally exceeded 200.
 
 Since there was considerable flux into and out of the colony, 
			children could have been taking their "Earth outfits" with them when 
			they left.
 
 To further help understand why there had been a single large 
			purchase, I asked Hall if the body build or anything else about the
			TW children would have required special tooling on the part of the 
			manufacturer. That could have helped to explain the large size of 
			the order, as the manufacturer would have needed a large order to 
			cover the retooling cost.
 
			  
			
			Here is Hall’s reply: 
				
				As regards the children’s clothes question, remember that 
				Sears made 
			and marketed children’s clothes in every conceivable size and 
			variation. The TW children were the same size as human children of 
			the same height who are simply on the thin side.   
				Clothes for the TW children did not have to be specially made. 
			
			Remember also that the TW mothers also make and alter clothes for 
			their children, just as human mothers do. One night, in an episode 
			that does not appear in my books for various reasons, The Teacher 
			came with her little girl. Her little girl was wearing a simple 
			frill [flounce] around the waist of her suit similar to the type of 
			frill that little girls typically wear on their bathing suits.
 The Teacher proudly informed me that she had added the frill 
			(meaning that she had personally constructed the frill and added it 
			to the suit - sewing, etc.) because she wanted her little girl to 
			feel like a little girl.
 
 The Teacher occasionally expressed concern because all of her little 
			girl’s TW playmates her age were boys.
 
 She stated, for example, that one reason she liked to have her 
			little girl play with the little girl described in Book one in the 
			Chapter entitled "In Remembrance Of ME" was because she wanted her 
			little girl to have playmates who were also little girls. The TW 
			little girl and the human little girl were so very similar in 
			personality. They were both simply "little girls", even down to the 
			clothes they both enjoyed wearing.
 
 It must be said: perhaps the TWs had good reason for doubting how 
			much we love our children. Consider what they might have observed of 
			our everyday life down there around the base and in Las Vegas.
 
 To which I might add that the story, The Wayward Wind, reproduced on 
			Paola Harris’ page, shows how the TWs were overwhelmingly impressed 
			by Hall’s letter to his father, expressing love for him.
 
 This little note to Hall’s father was so very important to the
			TWs 
			that - who knows? - it might have affected our relations with them 
			then and into the future.
 
 Several notable points come to mind here:
 
				
					
					
					They sew. We apparently share a sense of fashion with them. 
					
					
					Where are all the little Tall White girls? Little TW girls must 
			exist somewhere because TW adult females are present in the colony. 
			Why did they not come here? 
					
					They evidence "love" among their own kind; little for us. But then, 
			where have we shown anything resembling love for them?      
			Tall Whites vs. Gods, 
			Genes, and Consciousness 
			The recently published
			
			Gods, Genes, and Consciousness (Von 
			Ward, 2004) is currently being discussed in the
			
			Open SETI Forum (II) on Gods, Genes, and 
			Consciousness.
   
			Since the "tall whites" contact case is 
			the first one to be extensively addressed in Open SETI, and 
			since Von Ward's schema as presented in his book could be 
			used to help understand human reaction to ALL contacts, it would be 
			worthwhile for the reader to check that forum and that topic. 
			Participation, furthermore, is highly encouraged. 
			The Tall Whites represent an interesting application of Von 
			Ward's term Advanced Being (AB). Although their 
			technology is quite beyond ours at this time, evidence suggests that 
			by other and less tangible measures - "wisdom", "intelligence", 
			"moral stature" - they might be quite comparable to ourselves.
   
			This subject merits much discussion, It 
			is hoped that it will be taken up in the Forum.
 
 
 Conclusion
 
			This report never seriously questioned the authenticity of Charles 
			Hall's contact with a colony of “Tall White” extraterrestrials on 
			the Nellis Range. The reason for that is the generally convincing 
			nature of Hall's reporting, however subjective that assessment may 
			be.
   
			If a “scientific study” is required, 
			others may conduct one. 
			This editorial stance is consistent with the position taken 
			throughout this Open SETI Initiative website, in which I 
			assert that “contact with ET” or even “searching for ET” should 
			never have been left in the hands of the scientific establishment in 
			the first place. It is unlike anything that science normally does; 
			it is more a matter of intelligence gathering, which is probably the 
			way the most productive work in this area has been accomplished.
 
 This report is exactly what it claims to be: an illustrated adjunct 
			to Hall's narratives.
 
 Nevertheless, if in the process of preparing this report, I had 
			encountered issues or contradictions calling Hall's story into 
			serious question, then certainly those problems would have had to be 
			resolved before the report could be completed and published - at 
			least in its present form.
 
 Nothing of the kind has happened.
 
 The next question is to consider where that leaves us. There was, as 
			recently as the 1960s, a well-established and possibly very old 
			colony of extraterrestrial humanoids living on the Nellis Range, and 
			at that time the arrangement appeared to be secure for long into the 
			future. Furthermore the relations of the colony with its present 
			hosts - the U.S. Military and government - were congenial; 
			technology transfer was taking place and larger cooperative programs 
			(which seemed benign to all parties, by the way) were contemplated.
 
 Hall believes that the arrangement continues to this day, although 
			he has had no contact with it since leaving active duty.
 
 The parameters of the contact activity or colony are such that it 
			would have zero impact on our society, other than the filtering down 
			of anything resulting from technology transfer. It seems to have 
			been physically confined to the military reservation, although there 
			are troubling aspects, such as what is being done with all of the 
			scout craft based there. Where are they going and what are they 
			doing?
 
 Hall's books and interviews have been available to the public for 
			several years, and have made no impact whatsoever outside of a 
			community of interested cognoscenti. Certainly this report will not 
			materially change the situation.
 
 One would think, given the general lack of interest in this sort of 
			thing on the part of average citizens, that nothing whatsoever is 
			called for in the way of a response to these reports.
 
 On the other hand, even with no more information than we have 
			available through Hall's books, the research value of the details 
			reported by Hall are immense... immeasurable. The mere knowledge 
			that beings from such distant points of origin can so closely 
			resemble us is enough to cause a revolution in our life sciences, 
			particularly biochemistry and genetics. That is, it would be enough 
			if correctly used.
 
 Consider also the implication of the close cultural correspondences, 
			such as the ability of these beings to recognize and work with our 
			social hierarchy. “Take me to your leader”, indeed.
 
 The parallels with our own culture are... either breathtaking or 
			damning, depending on whether one believes they can possibly be 
			true. This... familiarity of their cultural (and physical) styles is 
			actually one of the largest challenges to the story, because so very 
			much rides on it.
 
 My position is that it is true and we would do very well to begin to 
			try understanding what it means.
 
 
 
 Epilog: A 
			Possible Identity for the Tall Whites
 
				
					
					
					Who are the Tall Whites?
					
					What do we mean by that 
					question?
					
					We mean: what group of beings, 
					about whom we may have independent knowledge, might the Tall 
					Whites be? 
			In fact, there is a candidate group. In 
			our report on the work of French writer Anton Parks,
			
			Les Chroniques du Gírkù / Notes, we 
			describe a number of nonhuman races that seem to have shaped our 
			history and genetics, and are possibly influencing or manipulating 
			human society even today.    
			One of these, the Imdugud, known to the 
			Babylonians as Anzu, actually are native to our solar system. They 
			are not the famous "Anunnaki." In fact they long ago lost a war 
			against the Anunnaki for the mastery of this system.
 Among the interesting matching characteristics of the Tall Whites 
			and the Imdugud:
 
				
					
					
					Very tall humanoid "Nordic" with 
					white skin 
					
					Often have blue eyes 
					
					Emit barking or whistling sounds
					
					
					Solitary 
					
					Warriors/soldiers  
			Parks adds in private communication that 
			the Imdugud are among the very few that practice natural childbirth 
			and raise families. (Most use genetics and cloning, and take 
			advantage of very long or indefinitely long life spans. In other 
			words, they are immortal.) 
			Yet there are contradictions, perhaps the most noteworthy being 
			their apparent home base. Although the Tall Whites would never 
			reveal this information to Charles Hall, they allowed him to believe 
			it was not local, and via circumstantial data Hall has placed their 
			home tentatively at the star Arcturus. However, it is also possible 
			that Arcturus is simply another base - a "second home."
 
 Parks "remembers" that as of three or four thousand years ago, our 
			solar system was their home base. Although they could always travel 
			out, it was not their preoccupation to do so.
 
 We will be tracking this new development. Meanwhile, interested 
			readers should look at
			
			Possible Extended Contact with Imdugud, 
			or find mention of Imdugud(Anzu) in the
			
			section on Races.
 
 
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