
	by Rady Ananda
	July 30, 2010
	from 
	GlobalResearch Website 
 
	
	 
	
	 
	
	At an international symposium held in Ghent, Belgium May 28-30, 2010, 
	scientists asserted that, 
	
		
		“manipulation of climate through modification of 
	Cirrus clouds is neither a hoax nor a conspiracy theory.” 
	
	
	It is “fully 
	operational” with a solid sixty-year history. 
	
	 
	
	 
	
	
	
	 
	
	 
	
	Though “hostile” environmental 
	modification was banned by UN Convention in 1978, its “friendly” use today 
	is being hailed as the new savior to climate change and to water and food 
	shortages. 
	
	 
	
	The military-industrial complex stands poised to capitalize on 
	controlling the world’s weather. 
	
		
		“In recent years there has been a decline in the support for weather 
	modification research, and a tendency to move directly into operational 
	projects.” 
		
		World Meteorological Organization, 2007 
		
	
	
	 
	
	
	
	Rainmaker Charles Hatfield, 
	
	in 1915, destroyed much of San Diego.
	 
	
	 
	
	The only conspiracy surrounding geo-engineering is that most governments and 
	industry refuse to publicly admit what anyone with eyes can see. 
	
	
	 
	
	Peer-reviewed research is available to anyone willing and able to maneuver 
	the labyrinth of scientific journals. So, while there is some disclosure on 
	the topic, full public explanation is lacking. A brief list of confirmed 
	cloud seeding events is produced at bottom, starting in 1915. 
	
	Going under a variety of names - atmospheric geo-engineering, weather 
	modification, solar radiation management, chemical buffering, cloud seeding, 
	weather force multiplication - toxic aerial spraying is popularly known as 
	
	chemtrails. 
	
	 
	
	However, this is merely one technique employed to modify 
	weather. The practice of environmental modification is vast and well funded.
	
	
	Hosted by the Belfort Group, which has been working for the last seven years 
	to raise public awareness of toxic aerial spraying, the Symposium included 
	chemtrail awareness groups from Greece, Germany, Holland, France and the 
	U.S. 
	
	 
	
	Belfort published five videos covering only May 29,[1] when filmmaker 
	Michael Murphy (Environmental Deception and What in the world are they 
	spraying)[2] and aerospace engineer Dr. Coen Vermeeren [3] gave the most 
	dramatic presentations. 
	
	Dr Vermeeren, of the Delft University of Technology, presented [4] a 
	300-page scientific report entitled, “CASE ORANGE 
	- Contrail Science, Its 
	Impact on Climate and Weather Manipulation Programs Conducted by the United 
	States and Its Allies.” (large pdf file) [5]  
	
	Case Orange notes it was prepared for the Belfort Group by a team of 
	scientists but presented anonymously. It was sent to embassies, news 
	organizations and interested groups around the world “to force public 
	debate.” 
	
	The report spends some time on 
	HAARP, the High Frequency Active Auroral 
	Research Program, [6] which is a military endeavor focused on ionospheric, 
	electromagnetic, and global electrostatic field manipulation, and on other 
	exotic weapon systems that manipulate the environment. While related, they 
	go beyond this discussion of chemtrails. 
	
	In the interest of brevity, the health and environmental implications of 
	cloud seeding is not discussed in any depth herein. Case Orange does go into 
	it, as did most of the speakers at the Belfort Symposium. 
	
	 
	
	Cursory research 
	reveals a debate among researchers as to chemtrail toxicity, but whether 
	that’s a 50-50 or 99-1 argument is unknown. 
	 
	
	 
	
	 
	
	
	
	Contrails Are Chemtrails
	
	Case Orange rejects use of the term ‘chemtrails’ because it is associated 
	with amateur conspiracy theorists. The only credible document it could find 
	that uses it is the Space Preservation Act of 2001 introduced by U.S. 
	Representative Dennis Kucinich (D-OH). [7] 
	
	 
	
	H.R. 2977 sought to ban the use 
	of exotic weapon systems that would damage climate, weather, tectonic and 
	biological systems. “Chemtrails” are specifically listed. Though later 
	removed, no version of the bill ever became law. 
	
	Instead, the writers prefer the term ‘persistent contrails’ to describe the 
	phenomenon since all contrails are chemtrails. ‘Persistent contrails’ 
	distinguishes those that contain weather-altering additives from those that 
	represent normal aircraft exhaust that dissipates after a few seconds or 
	minutes. 
	
	Case Orange also rejects misanthropic intentions behind persistent 
	contrails. 
	
	 
	
	It shows that geo-engineering is fully operational, but rejects it 
	is used to sicken people on the assumptions that,
	
		
			- 
			
			public health agencies 
	have the public interest at heart
 
			- 
			
			the economy is consumer driven
			 
		
	
	
	The authors indicate no awareness of numerous reports of collusion between 
	the pharmaceutical industry and government health agencies. 
	
	 
	
	This year, a 
	significant conflict-of-interest report appeared in the prestigious British 
	Medical Journal, which further heightened suspicions that the H1N1 flu and 
	its vaccines were a scam.[8] 
	
	 
	
	Nor do the authors consider that sick people 
	will spur economic growth in a capitalist (for profit) health system. 
	
	 
	
	 
	
	
	
	
	 
	
	 
	
	Dr. Vermeeren gave his own introductory remarks and conclusions, but spent 
	the bulk of the hour presenting information from Case Orange.  
	
	 
	
	He frankly 
	admitted the existence of persistent contrails. 
	
		
		“We also know that 
		
		chemtrails do exist because we do spraying; for crops, 
	for example, and we know that they have been spraying for military purposes. 
	So, chemtrails is nothing new. We know about it.” 
		
		 
		
		 
	
	
	 
	
	 
	
	Dr Coen Vermeeren Symposium speech
	
	 Afternoon Part 1 video
	
	 (starting at about 35 mins.) 
	
	
	29 May 2010
	
	 
	
	 
	
	 
	
		
		“Weather manipulation through contrail formation … is in place and fully 
	operational.”
	
	
	
	Case Orange cites publicly available material that shows geo-engineering has 
	been ongoing for “at least 60 years.” 
	
	 
	
	
	Used as a weapon of war in Hamburg by 
	the UK during World War II, it was also used in the Vietnam Conflict by the 
	US. Controversy over its use, revealed by investigative reporter Jack 
	Anderson, spurred Senate hearings in 1972. During those hearings, military 
	officials denied the use of cloud seeding technology. Later, a private 
	letter from Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird admitting that his testimony 
	was false surfaced. 
	
	 
	
	
	He, again unbelievably, claimed he didn’t know what was 
	happening. [9]  
	
	Environmental modification (EnMod) weaponry was finally banned by treaty in 
	1978. The UN Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile 
	Use of Environmental Modification Techniques forced the end of such 
	programs, overtly anyway.[10] (Case Orange authors seem unaware of this 
	international ban, as it is one of their recommendations.) 
	
	However, with widespread reporting of rising global temperatures, increasing 
	population, and degradation of water supplies, renewed interest in EnMod is 
	now becoming broadly supported. 
	
	 
	
	
	(See, e.g., Top economists recommend climate 
	engineering, 4 Sep 2009 [11] and similarly, Top science body calls for geo-engineering ‘plan B’, 1 Sep 2009.)
	[12]
	
	 
	
	 
	
	
	
	
	The crew in Operation Stormfury in 1963. 
	
	
	Note the special belly on the 
	Douglas DC6-B for cloud seeding purposes. 
	
	
	(From Case Orange)
	 
	
	 
	
	
	Building a case for old technology finding a new market, Case Orange 
	discusses several U.S. patents. 
	
	 
	
	
	For example, authors describe a 1975 patent, 
	“Powder Contrail Generation,” [13] for the invention of a: 
	
		
		“specific contrail generation apparatus for producing a powder contrail 
	having maximum radiation scattering ability for a given weight [of] 
	material. The seeding material… consists of 85% metallic particles and 15% 
	colloidal Silica and Silica gel in order to produce a stable contrail that 
	has a residence period of 1 up to 2 weeks.” 
	
	
	
	In 2009, researchers published “Modification of Cirrus clouds to reduce 
	global warming,” which proposed two methods of delivery for this same 
	proportion of metallics to silica and the same staying power of one to two 
	weeks.[14]  
	
	Case Orange also reveals a 1991 patent held by Hughes Aircraft Company [15]
	that: 
	
		
		“contains 18 claims to reduce global warming through stratospheric seeding 
	with aluminum oxide… thorium oxide… and refractory Welsbach material...”
		
	
	
	
	The report notes that, 
	
		
		“the proposed scenario by the 
		
		IPCC [Intergovernmental 
	Panel on Climate Change] in 2001 is identical to the claims” in Hughes 
	Aircraft’s 1991 patent.
	
	
	
	Hughes was acquired by Raytheon, a private defense 
	contractor, in 1997, 
	
		
		“the same company that acquired E-systems and the HAARP 
	contract.” 
	
	
	
	Case Orange presents evidence that Raytheon stands to control all weather, 
	which the authors find repugnant given that it is a private corporation. 
	
	 
	
	
	The 
	authors recommend suing private corporations instead of governments. But 
	subcontracting is quite common for governments and agencies, especially the 
	US military. The distinction between large, powerful corporations and 
	governments is a fine line obscure to common folk. And, the effect is the 
	same whether governments are spraying us with nano-sized metals, chemicals 
	or biologicals, or whether corporations do. 
	
	 
	
	
	The authors’ protective posture 
	toward governments is nonsensical.
	
	
	Case Orange suggests that geo-engineering found new life in the global 
	warming scare. Old patents are being dusted off and private interests stand 
	to make substantial sums now that Cap and Trade has been exposed as 
	ineffective in reducing greenhouse gases. (Although, lawmakers are still 
	considering it since substantial sums can be made from the scheme, to wit: 
	Al Gore reportedly achieved billionaire status from it.) 
	
	Since 2007, billionaire 
	
	Bill Gates has spent at least $4.5 million on geo-engineering research. [16] 
	Since reducing emissions is not popular with 
	industry, ‘Plan B’ - geo-engineering - is being touted as the answer to 
	climate change and water shortage. 
	
	 
	
	
	A longer description of Plan B is: 
	
		
		Add 
	more pollution to the sky and water to offset industrial pollution, without 
	reducing industrial pollution. 
	
	
	
	Human rights and environmental watchdog, ETC Group, describes the momentum 
	[17]: 
	
		
		“The roll-out of geo-engineering as Plan B is being skillfully executed: 
	prominent high-level panels sponsored by prestigious groups, a spate of 
	peer-reviewed articles this January in science journals, and a line-up of 
	panicked politicians in northern countries, nodding nervously in agreement 
	as scientists testify about the ‘need to research Plan B.’” 
	
	
	
	ETC reports that Gates’ top geo-engineering advisor unveiled a plan to grow 
	solar radiation management research,
	
		
		“one-hundred-fold, from $10 million to 
	$1 billion over ten years.” 
	
	
	
	Indeed, several watchdog groups recently ramped up calls to address 
	clean 
	water shortage. 
	
		
		“At the end of July 2010, the United Nations General 
	Assembly will vote on an important resolution, initiated by the Bolivian 
	government, which would make clean water and sanitation a human right,” 
	reports Food and Water Watch.[18] 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	Weather as a Force Multiplier - Owning the Weather in 2025
	
	
	Case Orange ties a 1996 report by top military personnel in the U.S., 
	
	
		
		“Weather as a Force Multiplier: Owning the Weather in 2025”
		[19] to 
	evidentiary details (like governmental spraying schedules, chemical orders, 
	correct nomenclature used in airline operating manuals, and calls for geo-engineering by economists) to support its notion of “heavy involvement of 
	governments at top level in climate control projects.” 
		
		 
		
		 
	
	
	
	
	
	 
	
	 
	
	
	Owning the Weather in 2025 provides a specific timeline for the use of EnMod 
	technologies in cooperation with the Weather Modification Association (WMA), 
	a business-government group promoting the beneficial uses of environmental 
	modification:[20] 
	
		
			- 
			
			2000 Introduce ionic mirrors, with a 
			sharp increase from 2008
 
			- 
			
			2000-2025 Use chemicals for atmospheric 
			seeding by civilian (as well as military) aviation
 
			- 
			
			2004 Create smart clouds thru 
			nanotechnology, with exponential increase after 2010
 
			- 
			
			2005 Introduce ‘carbon black dust’
			 
		
	
	
	
	Though Case Orange decries the paucity of research into EnMod, in 2009 WMA 
	published its position statement on the safety of seeding clouds with 
	silver-iodide, citing three dozen research papers from 1970 through 2006. 
	[21] 
	
	 
	
	
	In 2007, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) published a 
	statement that included “Guidelines for the Planning of Weather Modification 
	Activities.” 
	
	 
	
	
	Acknowledging that the modern technology of weather 
	modification began in the 1940s, it is still “an emerging technology” today. 
	[22] WMO indicated disappointment that research is being abandoned for 
	operations. 
	
	Case Orange contains no reference to the WMA position statement citing all 
	that research, although it cites the group. Nor does it mention the World 
	Meteorological Organization, an agency of
	the United Nations, which has a 
	link to its Weather Modification portal on its Index page.
	
	At the end of the section, the bare necessity of geo-engineering through 
	cloud generation for survival of the planet (5.2.7), Case Orange states: 
	
		
		“[O]ur investigation team comes to the conclusion that climate control 
	programs, controlled by the military but approved by governments, are 
	silently implemented in order to avoid the worst case scenarios they 
	obviously do not want. The two basic instruments are temperature control 
	through generation of artificial clouds and manipulation of the ionosphere 
	through ionosphere heaters. 
“Both remain basically military combat systems with the option to go into 
	the offensive if deemed necessary. However since several ionosphere heaters 
	are installed on various places around the globe one can assume that there 
	is wide cooperation between governments in order to reach the climate 
	targets by 2025: controlling the weather and thus the planet.” 
	
	
	
	The report published shown the following images provided by a former meteorologist 
	at the Ontario Weather Service, showing spraying schemes for Europe. 
	
	 
	
	
	For 
	December 6, 2008: 
	
		
		“The spraying schemes seem to be organized in a logical pattern so that the 
	whole of Europe is covered in a 3-day period,” the authors write. 
		
		
		 
		
		 
		
		
		
		 
	
	
	
	The 
	following images cover January 3-5, 2010: 
	
	 
	
	 
	
	
	


	
	 
	
	 
	
	
	Case Orange agrees that climate change needs to be addressed. 
	
	 
	
	
	Regarding
	
	Climategate, the authors suggest that the University of East Anglia 
	deliberately manipulated the climate data to gradually prepare the global 
	population for its future on a hotter planet. 
	
	They also cite research that supports the notion that climate change is 
	real. During the three-day grounding of most aircraft after 9/11, scientists 
	noticed an increase in temperature of 1.1°C (2°F). [23] 
	
	 
	
	
	This is an 
	astounding increase in such a short time frame. The incidence of cloud 
	seeding reports by the public increases exponentially after this. 
	
	The 1996 military piece, 
	
	Owning the Weather in 2025, gives climate change 
	skeptics “an insight in what to expect in the 21st century:
	
		
		"Current demographic, economic and environmental trends will create global 
	stresses that provide the impetus necessary for many countries or groups to 
	turn weather modification ability into capability. 
		 
		
		In the United States 
	weather modification will likely become part of national security policy 
	with both domestic and international applications. Our government will 
	pursue such a policy, depending on its interests, at various levels.” 
		
	
	
	
	
	 
	
	
	
	
	Recommendations
	
		
		“Persistent contrails,” however, “have a devastating impact on eco-systems 
	on this planet and quality of life in general.” 
	
	
	
	Case Orange joins the call 
	of Bill Gates’ geo-engineering advisor and the WMO for new research measuring 
	the impact on human health and the environment from 
	
	EnMod programs.
	
	Case Orange also recommends an immediate and full disclosure of current EnMod activities to the public; and that all civil aviation laws be abided.
	
	
	Of note, in response to policy interest in geo-engineering as a means to 
	control climate change and enhance water supplies, on May 14, 2010, the 
	science subcommittee of the United Nations Convention on Biological 
	Diversity proposed a geo-engineering moratorium. [24] 
	
	 
	
	
	This proposed ban on 
	“friendly” EnMod programs will be heard at the Tenth Conference of Parties 
	to UN Convention on Biodiversity in Nagoya, Japan this October.
	Case Orange reports that China and Russia openly admit to cloud-seeding, 
	while the U.S. denies such activities. 
	
	 
	
	
	The U.S. does permit open air testing 
	of chemical and biological weapons but not under the law the authors cited, 
	which they paraphrased: 
	
		
		The secretary of defense may conduct tests and experiments involving the use 
	of chemical and biological agents on civilian populations. 
 
		Public law of the United States, Law 95-79, Title VIII, Sec. 808, July 30, 
	1977. 
		
	
	
	Codified as 
	
	50 USC 1520, under Chapter 32 Chemical and Biological Warfare 
	Program, Public Law 85-79 was repealed in 1997 by Public Law 105-85. In its 
	place, 15 USC 1520a provides restrictions (such as informed consent). 
	
	 
	
	50 USC 
	1512, however, allows open air testing of chemicals and biologicals and 
	allows presidential override of notices and of public health considerations 
	for national security reasons. [25] 
	 
	
	Case Orange authors are thus correct in 
	asserting that such programs are legal in the U.S. 
	
	
	
	 
	
	 
	
	
	
	
	Epilogue
	
	Having heard enough conspiracy theories to last me a lifetime, I hesitated 
	researching the subject of 
	
	chemtrails, and maintained skepticism. That all 
	changed in March when I personally observed two jets seeding clouds, along 
	with about 30 other people in the parking lot at lunchtime. 
	
	 
	
	
	Someone took a 
	picture from her cell phone: 
	
	 
	
	 
	
	
	
	 
	
	 
	
	
	The trails lasted for hours, and looked distinctly different from other 
	clouds. 
	
	 
	
	
	Since then, I’ve been watching the skies and can now tell when 
	they’ve been seeded. We often have a white haze instead of a deep blue sky, 
	even when persistent contrails aren’t visible.
	
	A few days ago, someone sent me a link to the Belfort Symposium videos. 
	
	 
	
	
	Four 
	hours into it, I became riveted when Dr. Vermeeren began his presentation of 
	the Case Orange report. That’s when I decided to seriously look into the 
	subject. As informative as Case Orange is for the newcomer, any serious 
	research into the subject reveals that what all those “conspiracy theorists” 
	suggest is true: they are spraying the skies, and they’re not telling us.
	
	Discovering that the World Meteorological Organization has a tab on its 
	website called Weather Modification shocked me. Reading their disappointment 
	that governments are going ahead with operations instead of doing more 
	research confirmed all of it for me. And that was published in 2007!
	
	So, while we’re not being told, the information is publicly available to any 
	armchair researcher.
	
	Being so late to the game on all this accords me sympathy for others. 
	
	
	 
	
	
	Military leaders have for centuries recognized that it rains after a heavy 
	battle, but harnessing that power in a way that doesn’t cause a deluge like 
	in San Diego in 1915 has been a task. I came upon other stories like that in 
	my research - misdirected hurricanes, farm wars, massive flooding and 
	mudslides. It’s no wonder there are so many books on the subject. It’s no 
	wonder this turned into a 3,000-word essay.
	
	Chemtrails are no hoax; I spent time going to as many original sources as I 
	could find. 
	
	 
	
	
	The record is replete with mainstream news accounts of the early 
	days of the modern EnMod program. If its birth can be marked by Britain’s 
	successful use of chaff in 1943 to jam enemy radar, the program is 67 years 
	old. That’s quite a history to keep under the radar of most people. 
	
	 
	
	
	That 
	reflects most poorly on mainstream news sources, who are supposed to expose 
	government shenanigans.
	
	 
	
	 
	
	
	
	 
	
	 
	
	 
	
	 
	
	 
	
	
	
	
	A Brief History of Cloud Seeding
	
	Cloud seeding, as a US military research project, began as early as the 
	1830s, according to Colby College professor, James R. Fleming. [26] 
	
	
	 
	
	Verifiably successful rainmaking attempts did not occur until 1915. 
			
 
	
		
			- 
			
			1915 To end a prolonged drought, San Diego hired reputed rainmaker 
			Charles 
	Hatfield, who claimed that the evaporation of his secret chemical brew atop 
	wooden towers could attract clouds. San Diego was rewarded with a 17-day 
	deluge that totaled 28 inches. The deadly downpour washed out more than 100 
	bridges, made roads impassable over a huge area, destroyed communications 
	lines, and left thousands homeless. [27] 
			
			 
			
			 
			
			
			
			Charles Hatfield's rain washes out dam 1915, San Diego. 
			
			
			Dozens died.
			
			
 
			 
			- 
			
			1943 “The first operational use of chaff (aluminium strips which are 
	precisely cut to a quarter of the radar’s wavelength) took place in July 
	1943, when Hamburg was subjected to a devastating bombing raid. The radar 
	screens were cluttered with reflections from the chaff and the air defense 
	was, in effect, completely blinded.” [28] 
 
			 
			- 
			
			1946 General Electric’s Vincent Schaefer dropped six pounds of dry ice into 
	a cold cloud over Greylock Peak in the Berkshires, causing an “explosive” 
	growth of three miles in the cloud. [29] 
			
			 
			
			 
			
			
			
			New York dry ice seeding 1946 
			
			
			(Life Magazine)
			
			
 
			 
			- 
			
			1947 Australian meteorologists successfully repeated the process. 
			[30]
	
 
 
			- 
			
			1949 Project Cirrus: Nobel Laureate Irving Langmuir and General Electric 
	researcher Vincent Schaefer fed ten ounces of silver iodide into a blowtorch 
	apparatus and brought down 320 billion gallons of rain across half of New 
	Mexico from a desert near Albuquerque. [31] 
 
			 
			- 
			
			1950 Harvard meteorologist Wallace Howell seeded New York City skies with 
	dry ice and silver iodide smoke, filling the city’s reservoirs to near 
	capacity. [32] 
 
 
			- 
			
			1952 The UK’s Operation Cumulus resulted in 250 times the normal amount of 
	rainfall, killing dozens and destroying landscapes. [33] 
 
			 
			- 
			
			1962-1983 Operation Stormfury, a hurricane modification program, had some 
	success in reducing winds by up to 30%. [34] 
 
			 
			- 
			
			1966-1972 Project Intermediary Compatriot (later called Pop Eye) 
	successfully seeded clouds in Laos. The technique became part of military 
	actions in Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos from 1967 to 1972. Initially revealed 
	by Jack Anderson in the Washington Post, 18 Mar 1971. [35] 
 
			 
			- 
			
			1986 The Soviet air force diverted Chernobyl fallout from reaching Moscow by 
	seeding clouds. Belarus, instead, was hit. [36] 
			
			 
			
			 
			
			
			
			
			China weather rocket 
			
			
			(2008 by ImpactLab)
			
			 
			
			
 
			 
			- 
			
			2008 Chinese government used 1,104 cloud seeding missiles to remove the 
	threat of rain ahead of the Olympic opening ceremony in Beijing. [37]
			
			
			 
			
			 
			
			
			
			
			 
			
			 
 
			- 
			
			2009 Moscow Halo. Case Orange cites this as evidence of cloud seeding, but 
	others suspect it is electromagnetic in origin. Russian authorities said it 
	was an optical illusion. [38] 
 
		
	
	
	
	This is by no means a comprehensive list; indeed, volumes are dedicated to 
	the subject. 
	 
	
	 
	
	 
	
	
	
	Notes
	
		
			
			[1] Belfort Group videos of International Symposium on Chemtrails, May 29, 
	2010 proceedings. http://www.ustream.tv/channel/belfort-test 
[2] Michael Murphy website: http://truthmediaproductions.blogspot.com/
			
[3] Dr Coen Vermeeren, Delft University of Technology bio, n.d.
			
[4] Dr Coen Vermeeren Symposium speech, Afternoon Part 1 video, (starting at 
	about 35 mins..) (29 May 2010) http://www.ustream.tv/recorded/7299427 
			
[5] Anonymous, “CASE ORANGE: Contrail Science, Its Impact on Climate and 
	Weather Manipulation Programs Conducted by the United States and Its 
	Allies,” 10 May 2010. PDF without appendices:
	http://coto2.files.wordpress.com/2010/07/case_orange-5-10-2010-belfort-chemtrails.pdf
			
[6] High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program, Fact Sheet, 15 Jun 2007. 
	http://www.haarp.alaska.edu/haarp/factSheet.html 
[7] Space Preservation Act of 2001, H.R.2977, 107th Congress, 1st Session. 
	Introduced by U.S. Representative Dennis Kucinich. 
[8] Deborah Cohen and Philip Carter, “Conflicts of Interest: WHO and the 
	pandemic ‘flu conspiracies,’” British Medical Journal 2010;340:c2912, 3 Jun 
	2010. http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/340/jun03_4/c2912 
[9] The Sunshine Project, “The Limits of Inside Pressure: The US Congress 
	Role in ENMOD,” n.d. Accessed July 2010. http://www.sunshine-project.org/enmod/US_Congr.html
			
[10] United Nations, “Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other 
	Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques,” Resolution 31/72, 10 
	Dec 1976, effective 1978. Geneva. http://www.un-documents.net/enmod.htm 
			
[11] Copenhagen Consensus Center, “Top economists recommend climate 
	engineering,” 4 Sep 2009. Press release
[12] Catherine Brahic, “Top science body calls for geoengineering ‘plan B’, 
	New Scientist 1 Sep 2009.
	http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn17716-top-science-body-calls-for-geoengineering-plan-b.html
			
[13] Donald K. Werle, et al., “Powder contrail generation,” U.S. Patent 
	3,899,144, 12 Aug 1975. Assignee: U.S. Secretary of the Navy. 
[14] David L Mitchell and William Finnegan, “Modification of Cirrus clouds 
	to reduce global warming,” Environmental Research Letters Vol. 4 No. 4, 30 
	Oct 2009. Available by subscription: http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326/4/4/045102
			
[15] David B. Chang and I-Fu Shih, “Stratospheric Welsbach seeding for 
	reduction of global warming,” U.S. Patent 5,003,186, 26 Mar 1991. Assignee: 
	Hughes Aircraft Company.
[16] Eli Kintisch, “Bill Gates Funding Geoengineering Research,” Science 
	Insider, 26 Jan 2010. http://blogs.sciencemag.org/scienceinsider/2010/01/bill-gates-fund.html.
			
[17] ETC Group, “Top-down Planet Hackers Call for Bottom-up Governance: 
	Geoengineers’ Bid to Establish Voluntary Testing Regime Must Be Opposed,” 11 
	Feb 2010. http://www.etcgroup.org/en/node/5073 
[18] Food and Water Watch: http://www.foodandwaterwatch.org/water/world-water/right/
			
[19] Col Tamzy J. House, et al. “Weather as a Force Multiplier: Owning the 
	Weather in 2025,” Department of Defense U.S. Air Force, 17 Jun 1996. 
	Publicly released August 1996. Reproduced at Federation of American 
	Scientists:
	http://www.fas.org/spp/military/docops/usaf/2025/v3c15/v3c15-1.htm 
[20] Weather Modicaton Association website: http://www.weathermodification.org/
			
[21] Weather Modification Association, “Position Statement on the 
	Environmental Impact of Using Silver Iodides as a Cloud Seeding Agent,” July 
	2009.
	http://www.weathermodification.org/AGI_toxicity.pdf
[22] World Meteorological Organization, “WMO Statement on Weather 
	Modification,” UN Commission for Atmospheric Sciences Management Group, 26 
	Sep 2007.
	http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/arep/wwrp/new/documents/WM_statement_guidelines_approved.pdf
			
[23] Donald J. Travis, et al. “Contrails reduce daily temperature range,” 
	Nature 418, 601, 8 Aug 2002. Reproduced in full by University of Washington, 
	Dept. of Atmospheric Sciences:
	http://www.atmos.washington.edu/~rennert/etc/courses/pcc587/ref/Travis-etal2002_Nature.pdf
			
[24] Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice, 
	“In-depth Review of the Work on Biodiversity and Climate Change, Draft 
	Recommendation,” Convention on Biological Diversity, United Nations 
	Environmental Programme, UNEP/CBD/SBTTA/14/L.9, 15 May 2010. http://www.cbd.int/doc/meetings/sbstta/sbstta-14/in-session/sbstta-14-L-09-en.pdf
			
[25] United States Code, Title 50, Chapter 32, “Chemical and Biological 
	Warfare Program.” http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/50C32.txt 
[26] James Rodger Fleming, “The pathological history of weather and climate 
	modification: Three cycles of promise and hype,” Historical Studies in the 
	Physical and Biological Sciences, Vol. 37, No. 1, 2006. Available at
http://www.colby.edu/sts/06_fleming_pathological.pdf 
			
[27] Stephen Cole, “Weather on Demand,” American Heritage, 2005. http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/it/2005/2/2005_2_48.shtml
			
[28] Monsignore Pizzafunghi Bosselese, “The History of Radar,” BBC, 14 Jul 
	2003. http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A591545 
[29] Fleming, citing New York Times, 15 Nov 1946, 24. 
			
[30] Squires, P. & Smith, E. J., “The Artificial Stimulation of 
	Precipitation by Means of Dry Ice,” Australian Journal of Scientific 
	Research, Series A: Physical Sciences, vol. 2, p.232, 1949AuSRA…2..232S, 
	1949. Republished at Harvard University:
http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/1949AuSRA…2..232S/0000244.000.html
			
Also see: Stephen Cole, “Weather on Demand,” American Heritage, 2005.
	http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/it/2005/2/2005_2_48.shtml
			
[31] Life Magazine, “Solution to Water Shortage: Rain makers’ success shows 
	how New York could fill its reservoirs,” p. 113, 20 Feb 1950.
			
[32] Life Magazine, “U.S. Water: We can supplement our outgrown sources at a 
	price,” 21 Aug 1950, p. 52. 
[33] John Vidal and Helen Weinstein, “RAF rainmakers ’caused 1952 flood’: 
	Unearthed documents suggest experiment triggered torrent that killed 35 in 
	Devon disaster,” The Guardian, 30 Aug 2001.
	http://www.guardian.co.uk/silly/story/0,10821,544259,00.html 
Also see: BBC News, “Rain-making link to killer floods,” 30 Aug 2001. 
	http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1516880.stm 
[34] Jerry E. Smith, “Weather Warfare: The Military’s Plan to Draft Mother 
	Nature,” Adventures Unlimited Press, 2006. pp. 47-54.
[35] ibid. pp. 54-60. 
			
[36] Richard Gray, “How we made the Chernobyl rain,” Daily Telegraph, 22 Apr 
	2007.
	http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1549366/How-we-made-the-Chernobyl-rain.html
			
[37] Ian O’Neill, “The Chinese Weather Manipulation Missile Olympics,” 
	Universe Today, 12 Aug 2008.
	http://www.universetoday.com/2008/08/12/the-chinese-weather-manipulation-missile-olympics/
			
[38] Anonymous, “Moscow Halo,” cell phone video uploaded to YouTube, 7 Oct 
	2009. reposted at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FXF9HSB627U