VIII - A Serf Made to Order

The unrest among the Igigi that led to the Zu Incident was only a prelude to other troubles involving them - troubles inherent in long-term interplanetary missions; and the absence of female companionship turned out to be one of the major issues.

The problem was less acute in the case of the Earth-stationed Anunnaki, for there were females among them from the very first landing party (some of whom are mentioned by name and tasks in Enki’s autobiography).

Additionally, a group of female nurses, led by a daughter of Anu, were sent to Earth (Fig. 65). Her name was Ninmah (= ‘Mighty Lady’); her task on Earth was that of Sud (= ‘One who gives succor’): She served as the Anunnaki’s Chief Medical Officer and was * destined to play a major role in many of the subsequent events.

But trouble brewed also among the Earth-based Anunnaki, especially among those assigned to mining duties.
 

Figure 65
 

The Atra-Hasis Epic in fact tells the story of a mutiny of the Anunnaki who refused to go on working in the gold mines and the ensuing chain of unintended consequences.

The epic’s ancient title echoed its opening words Inuma ilu awilum (‘When the gods, like men’):

When the gods, like men,
bore the work and suffered the toil -
The toil of the gods was great,
the work was heavy, distress was much.

The irony in the title is that the gods toiled as though they were men because there were yet no men on Earth.

The Epic’s tale is in fact the tale of the Creation of Man to take over the gods’ toil. Indeed, the very Akkadian term Awilu means ‘Workman’ - a toiler - rather than simply ‘Man’ as is usually translated. The feat that changed everything was an accomplishment of Enki and Ninmah; but as far as Enlil was concerned, it was not a tale with a happy ending.

As the Anunnaki miners "toiled deep in the mountains, they counted the periods of the toil."

"For 10 periods they suffered the toil, for 20 periods they suffered the toil, for 30 periods they suffered the toil, for 40 periods they suffered the toil":

Excessive was their toil for 40 periods,
[... ] they suffered the work night and day.
They were complaining, backbiting.

Grumbling in the excavations (they said):

"Let us confront [... ], the Commander,

that he may relieve us of our heavy work.
Let us break the yoke!"

The occasion for the mutiny was a visit by Enlil to the mining area.

"Come, let us unnerve him in his dwelling!" a ringleader (whose name is illegible in the tablet) urged the angry miners.

 

"Let us proclaim a mutiny, let us adopt hostilities and battle!"

The gods heeded his words.
They set fire to their tools,

put flame to their earth-cutters

and fire to their grinders.
Throwing them away,

they went to the gate of the hero Enlil.

It was nighttime. As the mutineers reached the place where Enlil was staying, the gatekeeper Kalkal barred the gate and alerted Enlil’s aide Nusku, who awakened his master.

Hearing the shouting - which included calls to "kill Enlil!" - Enlil was incredulous:

"Is it against me that it is being done? What do my own eyes see?" Through Nusku he demanded to know "Who is the instigator of this conflict?"

The mutineers responded by shouting,

"Every single one of us has declared battle... Our work is heavy, distress is great - excessive toil is killing us!"

 

"When Enlil heard those words, his tears flowed."

Contacting Anu, he offered to resign his command and return to Nibiru, but demanded that the instigator of the mutiny be "done to death." Anu summoned the Council of State.

They found that the Anunnaki’s complaints were justified; but how could the vital gold-supply mission be abandoned?

It was then that,

"Enki opened his mouth and addressed the gods his brethren."

There is a way out of the dilemma, he said.

We have with us Ninmah; she is Belet-ili, ‘a Birth-Giving goddess’ -

Let her fashion a Lulu,
Let an Amelu bear the toil of the gods!
Let her create a Lulu Amelu,
Let him bear the yoke!

He was suggesting to create a Lulu - a "Mixed One," a hybrid -  to be an Amelu, a workman, to take over the Anunnaki’s toil.

And when the other gods asked how such a Lulu Amelu could be created, Enki answered: "The creature whose name you uttered - it exists!" All we need to do is "bind on it the image of the gods."

Therein, in this response, lies the answer to the enigma of ‘The Missing Link’ - how could Homo sapiens, modern man, appear in southeast Africa some 300,000 years ago overnight (in anthropological terms) when the evolutionary advances from apes to hominids, and in hominid species from Australopithecus to Homo habilis to Homo erectus, etc., took millions upon millions of years?

A Being, akin to the Anunnaki in many respects, Enki told the astounded gods, already exists in the wilds of the Abzu. "All we need to do is bind on it the image the gods" - to upgrade it with some Anunnaki genes - and create a Lulu (= A Mixed One’) who could take over the mining work.

What Enki had discovered at his headquarters in southeast Africa was a hominid so akin genetically to the Anunnaki, that with some genetic tinkering - adding to the genome of the hominid (say a Homo erectus) some Anunnaki genes - could upgrade the hominid to the status of an understanding, speaking, tool-handling Homo sapiens.

And it was all possible because the DNA on Earth was that of Nibiru, transferred - the reader will recall - when Nibiru itself smashed into Tiamat!

Enki then outlined to the assembled leaders how it could be done with the help of Ninmah and her biomedical expertise. Hearing that, in the Assembly, the Great Anunnaki who administer destinies, declared: "YES!"

That fatal decision to create Man is echoed in the Bible. Identifying the assembled Great Anunnaki as the Elohim, the ‘Lofty Ones’, Genesis 1:26 states:

And Elohim said:

"Let us make an Adam
in our image
and after our likeness."

There is no doubting the plural in the biblical statement, starting with the plural Elohim (the singular is El, Elo’ha) through "Let us make" - "in our image" - "and our likeness."

It happened "40 periods" - 40 Shars -  after the arrival of the Anunnaki. If the Arrival (see previous chapters) took place some 445,000 years ago, the creation of Adamu took place 301,000 years ago (445,000 - 144,000) - exactly when Homo erectus suddenly changed to Homo sapiens.

* * *

The process by which the fashioning of the "Primitive Worker" was achieved is then described in the Atra-Hasis Epic, as well as in several other texts.

It involved obtaining from the blood of a god his Te’ema - a term scholars translate as ‘Personality’ or ‘Life’s Essence’ - and mixing it with the "Ti-it of the Abzu." The term Ti-it has been presumed to come from the Akkadian word Tit = clay, hence the notion (echoed in the Bible) that ‘The Adam’ was fashioned from clay or ‘dust’ of the Earth.

But read in its Sumerian origin, Ti-it means "That which is with life" - the ‘essence’ of a living being.

The Te’ema - the ‘Life’s Essence’ or ‘Personality’ of a god - what we would now define as bis genetic DNA - was "mixed" with the ‘essence’ of an existing Being found (the text states) in the area "just above the Abzu."

By mixing genes extracted from the blood of a god with the 1essence' of an existing earthly being, ‘The Adam* was genetically engineered.

There was no ‘Missing Link’ in our jump from Homo erectus to Homo sapiens, because the Anunnaki jumped the gun on Evolution through genetic engineering.
The task described by Enki was easier said than done. In addition to the Atra-Hasis epic, other texts detail the creation process.

Extensively rendered in both The 12th Planet and Genesis Revisited, they describe considerable trial and error, resulting in beings missing limbs, with defective or odd organs, or with flawed eyesight or other senses.

As the experiments continued, Ninmah figured out which genes affect what, and declared that she now could deliberately produce - "as my heart desires" - beings with or without this or that defect.

Enki, a text states,

"prepared a purifying bath" into which "one god was bled."

Ninmah "mixed blood and flesh" in order to,

"fix upon the newborn the image of the gods."

Enki "was seated before her; he was prompting her" with instructions and advice.

The genetic endeavor was conducted in Bit Shimti, a laboratory-like place whose Sumerian name Sbi.im.ti literally meant "Place where the Wind of Life is blown in" - a detail from which the biblical verse about ’’blowing the Breath of Life" into The Adam’s nostrils (Genesis 2:7) was in all probability taken.

Ninmah was handling the mixing; "reciting the incantations," Ninmah was listening for an Uppu - a heartbeat.

When the "Perfect Model" was finally attained, Ninmah lifted him and shouted,

"I have created! My hands have made it!" (Fig. 66).

Figure 66

Announcing the feat to the great gods, here is what she said:

You commanded me a task;
I have completed it...
I have removed your heavy work.
I have imposed your toil on Awilum (‘Work-man’).
You raised a cry for Awiluti (‘Mankind’) -
I took off your yoke,

I established your freedom!

 

"When the gods heard this speech of hers, they ran together and kissed her feet."

They called her Mami (= ‘The Mother’), and renamed her Nin.ti (= ‘Lady of Life’). The solution suggested by Ea was achieved.

The genes we got were those of a male Anunnaki (lately discovered Atra-Hasis tablets reveal that he was the leader of the mutiny); but with all due respect to a male God or god, it was a female goddess who had actually created us.

* * *

It required additional genetic engineering - even some surgery under anesthesia (reported both in a Sumerian text and in the Bible) - to fashion a female counterpart; but like hybrids to this day (such as a mule, the ‘mixed’ product of a horse and a donkey), they could not procreate.

To make ‘copies’ of the Perfect Model of the Lulu Amelu, difficult and time-consuming reproduction by young "birth goddesses" was required. The next step of genetic engineering - enabling the Lulus to procreate on their own - was undertaken by Enki, the ‘Serpent’ in the biblical Garden of Eden version.

As the biblical tale has it, The Adam who was placed in the orchard of the gods to till it and to tend it, was warned by God (the Hebrew term is actually Yahweh Elohim) not to eat of the Tree of Knowing,

"for on the day you eat thereof surely you shall die."

Put into deep sleep, the Adam is operated upon, and a counterpart female is fashioned from his rib. The Adam and "the woman" (she is not yet named!) go about naked "and are not ashamed."

The wiley Serpent now approaches the woman regarding the prohibited tree, and she confirms that that is what Elohim had said.

But "the Serpent said to the woman: No, you will not die!"

So the woman, seeing that the Tree’s fruit was edible,

"took of its fruit, and ate, and also gave to her mate, and he ate."

And right away they became aware of their sexuality; realizing that they were naked, they made themselves aprons out of fig leaves.

It was those aprons that gave them away; for the next time Yahweh Elohim saw them, he noticed that they were no longer naked; questioning The Adam about it, he found out what had happened.

Angered,

"What have you done!"

God shouted at the woman - because of that, "in pain and suffering you will bear children."

Alarmed, God said to unnamed colleagues:

"Behold, The Adam has become as one of us to know good and evil; what if he put forth his hand and took also of the Tree of Life, and ate, and lived forever?"

And God expelled The Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden.

The tale, without doubt, explains how Adam and Eve were enabled to procreate - a development blamed, in the Bible on the ‘Serpent,’ the Hebrew word for which, Nachash, could also mean "He who solves puzzles."

Not surprisingly, the Sumerian parallel for these varied meanings also comes from a single term - Buzur - which was an epithet of Enki meaning "He who solves secrets."

The hieroglyph for Ptah, his Egyptian name, was an Entwined Serpent.

In the Mesopotamian texts, Enki was assisted in this secret knowledge by his son Nin.gish.zidda (= ‘Princely Lord of the Tree of Life’) whose emblem - Entwined Serpents - has remained the symbol of medicine to this day. Without doubt, these name meanings and Entwined-Serpent emblems are echoed in the biblical tale of the Serpent and the two special Trees in the Garden of Eden.

And now that modern science has discovered the structure of DNA strands, it is possible to realize that Ningishzidda’s emblem of two entwined serpents is in fact a rendering of the two-stranded, entwined double-helix DNA.

We demonstrate their similarities in Fig. 67.

Figure 67

"Out of the god’s blood they fashioned Mankind," the texts reiterate; "they imposed on it the tasks, to let free the gods; it was a work beyond comprehension."

Indeed it was; and it happened some 300,000 years ago  - just when Homo sapiens suddenly appeared in southeast Africa.

It was then that the Anunnaki ‘jumped the gun’ on Evolution and, using genetic engineering, upgraded a hominid - say Homo erectus - to an intelligent, tool-handling Homo sapiens (= ‘Wise Man’) to be their serf.

It happened in the area "above the Abzu" - exactly where fossil remains indicate: In the Great Rift Valley zone of southeast Africa, just north of the gold-mining land.

* * *

We know from the continuing Atra-Hasis text and from other detailed texts that no time was lost in putting the Primitive Workers to work in the mines, and that Anunnaki from the settlements in the Edin raided the mines and forcefully brought some of those workers to serve them in the Edin, where,

"with picks and spades they built the shrines, they built the canal banks, they grew food for the people and for the sustenance of the gods."

The Bible, though more briefly, reports the same:

"And Yahweh Elohim took The Adam" - from where he had been created - "and placed him in the garden of Eden, to till it and to tend it."

(The Bible specifically precedes here ‘Adam’ - ‘He of Earth’, an Earthling - with the definitive article ‘The’, making clear it is a species that is written about, as distinct from a person named ‘Adam’, husband of Eve, whose tale starts only in chapter 4 of Genesis.)

"To till it and to tend it," to be an Amelu, a workman.

The Bible has similarly stated: ‘‘Adam le amalyulad" - ‘Adam to toil was created’. And the Hebrew term Avod, translated ‘worship', in truth means ‘To work’.
 

Man was fashioned by the gods to be their serf.

* * *

Time passed;

"the [settled] land extended and the people multiplied."

Thus does the Atra-Hasis epic start the next phase of the events that followed the Mutiny and the Creation of The Adam, and that finally led to the Deluge.

The people, in fact, multiplied so much (the text reports) that "the land was bellowing like a bull." Enlil was not happy:

"the god was disturbed by their commotion."

He made his displeasure known:

"Enlil heard their bellowing and said to the great gods: ‘The bellowing of Mankind has become too intense for me; by their commotion, I am deprived of sleep."

Of the damaged lines that follow, only Enlil’s words "let there be a plague" are legible; but we know from the parallel biblical narrative that "Yahweh repented that He had made The Adam on Earth... and said: I will wipe The Adam that I have created off the face of the Earth" (Genesis 6:6-7).

The tale of the Deluge and its hero (Noah/Utnapishtim/Ziusudra) is told in both sources along similar lines, except that unlike the monotheistic Bible where the same God first decides to destroy Mankind and then saves it through Noah, the Mesopotamian version clearly identifies Enlil as the angry deity - while it is Enki, defying Enlil, who saves the "Seed of Mankind."

On the other hand, the biblical narrative (which compresses all the deities into a sole God) provides a more profound reason than ‘bellowing’ or ‘commotion’ for the dissatisfaction with Mankind.

In the words of chapter 6 of Genesis, it came to pass that,

When The Adam began to multiply
on the face of the Earth
and daughters were born unto them,
that the sons of the Elohim
saw the daughters of men
that they were suitable,
and they took them as wives
of all which they chose.

Yahweh, Genesis tells us, was angered by what was going on:

"Yahweh saw that the Wickedness of Man was great upon the Earth... and Yahweh repented that He had made The Adam on Earth, and it grieved His heart; and He said: I will wipe The Adam that I have created off the face of the Earth."

The instrument of destruction was the coming Deluge.

This, then, was the "Wickedness" that troubled Enlil: The intermarriage between the sons of the gods and female Earthlings - an intermarriage not between different races of the same species, but between two different planetary species - a practice that Enlil, a by-the-book disciplinarian, considered an absolute taboo.

He was angered by the fact that it was none other than Enki who was first to break the taboo by having sex with female Earthlings; and he was especially infuriated by the fact that Enki’s son Marduk went ahead and actually took as a wife one such Earthling - setting (in Enlil’s opinion) a perverted example to the rank and file Anunnaki.

There was more to it: The forbidden liaisons produced children. We continue to read in Genesis 6:

The Nefilim were upon the Earth

in those days and also after that,
When the sons of the Elohim
came unto the daughters of The Adam,
and they bore children to them.

No wonder that the Great Disciplinarian said:

"I will wipe The Adam that I had created off the face of the Earth."

* * *

Setting aside the morals or rules that should govern interplanetary visitations, the basic problem raised by these Mesopotamian/biblical tales of our origins is this:

How could the intermarried Anunnaki males and Earthling females have children - a result from mating that requires astounding genomic comparability, especially in the X (female) and Y (male) chromosomes?

Indeed, taking the puzzle to its beginnings,

how could the wild hominid of the Abzu have the same DNA that the Anunnaki had, similar enough so that just a little genetic mixing produced a Being that, according to the Sumerians and the Bible, was akin to the ‘gods’ both inwardly and outwardly except for their longevity?

The puzzle deepens by the fact that not only human, not only mammalian, not only all animal - but all life on Earth, from birds to fishes, flora to algae, and down to bacteria and viruses - all have the very same DNA, the four nucleic acid ‘letters’ from which all genes and genomes are made up.

That means that the DNA of the Anunnaki matched the DNA of all life on Earth. And if - as should be assumed - the DNA of the Anunnaki was the same as the DNA of all life on Nibiru, then we must conclude that the DNA on Planet Earth and the DNA on Planet Nibiru were the same.

How could that be, if according to the dominant modern scientific theory the Earth’s seas served as a mixing bowl in which basic chemical molecules, bumping into each other and heated by geysers, somehow combined into living cells. The nucleic acids that combined to form DNA - modern scientists explain - had come about as a result of random bumping of chemical molecules in some random primordial watery ‘soup’ until the first living random cell happened.

But if so, then the random result here had to be different from the random result elsewhere, for no two planets or even moons in our own one solar system are identical, and the odds that the random outcome would nevertheless be identical are virtually nil.

So how did Life on Earth begin if it is so similar to Nibiru’s?

The answer was given in the very tale of the Celestial Battle, when (in the second round) Nihiru/Marduk "trod upon" - came into actual contact with - Tiamat, severing her ‘veins’ and thrusting away her ‘skull’ - the future Earth.

It was then that the "SEED OF LIFE" - the DNA of life on Nibiru - was transferred to Planet Earth.

Science’s ‘Primordial Soup’ theory - whether or not valid in respect to any planetary environment elsewhere - runs into acknowledged additional problems when it comes to Earth. Abandoning the notion that the Solar System has not changed a bit since it began to take shape some 4.5 billion years ago, modern science now acknowledges that something extraordinary happened about 3.9 billion years ago.

In the words of The New York Times (‘Science Times’ of June 16, 2009),

Some 3.9 billion years ago, a shift in the orbit of the Sun’s outer  planets sent a surge of large comets and asteroids careening into the inner solar system. Their violent impacts gouged out the large craters still visible on the Moon’s face, heated Earth’s surface into molten rock and boiled off its oceans into an incandescent mist.

Yet rocks that formed on Earth 3.8 billion years ago, almost as soon as the bombardment had stopped, contain possible evidence of biological processes.
The impossibility of life starting here in such circumstances, the New York Times stated, has frustrated researches so much that.

Some scientists, as eminent as Francis Crick, chief theorist of molecular biology, have quietly suggested that life may have formed elsewhere before seeding the planet.

The theory that life on Earth was "seeded from elsewhere," known as the Panspermia Theory, was fully discussed in my 1990 book Genesis Revisited, where it was of course pointed out that the ‘inexplicable catastrophic event’ 3.9 billion years ago was the tale of Nibiru and the Celestial Battle.

The ‘Panspermia’ solution is neither "quietly held" (though not adopted by the scientific establishment, its proponents include many prominent scientists) nor is it new - it was put forth in cuneiform clay tablets millennia ago... Life on Earth and life on Nibiru - DNA on Earth and DNA on Nibiru - is the same because the Seed of Life was imparted by Nibiru to Earth during the Celestial Battle.

The obtainment of such a ready-made Seed of Life explains how life could begin on Earth in the relatively immediate aftermath of the cataclysm.

Since Nibiru, at the time of the collision, already possessed formed DNA, evolution began there much earlier than on Earth. One cannot say how much earlier; but in terms of 4.5 billion years, just 1 percent earlier would mean a head start of 45,000,000 Earth-years - more than enough evolutionary time for Nibiru’s astronauts to meet a Homo erectus on Earth.

The ancient notion that Life on Earth began when it was ‘seeded’ from/ by Nibiru was further expressed in the concept of an actual Seed of Life - Numun in Sumerian, Zeru in Akkadian, Zero, in Hebrew. That basic scientific idea not only explained how Life on Earth originated - it also pointed to where on Earth life began.

It is noteworthy that in Genesis (1:20-25) the Bible describes the evolution of "Living Things" (on the Fifth Day of Creation) as proceeding from the waters to dry land, progressing from "all that creeps in the waters" through amphibians to the "great lizards" (dinosaurs), followed by birds, and then to "all other living creatures after their kind" - a veritable ancient Theory of Evolution whose sequence is in impressive accord with modern theories of Evolution (including the most recent findings that birds evolved from dinosaurs).

But when it concerns where Life on Earth started, the Bible precedes marine life with an earlier phase:

On Day Three, according to the Bible, Life began with the appearance of seed-bearing grasses on dry land.

It was after the formation of raised continents and water-filled seas that God said (verses 1:11-13):

Let the Earth bring forth grass
 - the herb yielding seeds -
and the fruit tree that yields fruit after its kind,
whose seed is in itself;
and it was so upon the Earth.

And the Earth brought forth grass,

and herb yielding seed,

and the fruit tree yielding fruit

 whose seed was in itself, after its kind.

And God saw that it was good;
And the evening and the morning were the Third Day.

So, while in other verses the Bible describes Evolution as we know it, from primitive marine to fishes to amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals - the Bible also asserts that before "all that creepeth" began to stir in the waters, herbage bearing and stemming from seeds was the first phase of Life on Earth.

Such a distinction between the evolution of Life and the start of Life on Earth has long been held as contradicting modern science -  until the publication, in July 2009 (Nature No. 460), of a revolutionary study according to which "a thick, green carpet of photosynthetic life exploded across the Earth " hundreds of millions of years before life with "oxygen hungry cells" appeared in the waters.

Earth, the scientific journal announced, was "greened over" with a "thick carpet of plant life" whose sediments, when washed into the oceans, may have nourished watery life.

These new revolutionary findings restate what was stated in the Bible millennia earlier.

This sequence, the Bible makes clear, was made possible by the "seed" aspect of the grasses. The words ‘seed,’ ‘seeds,’ ‘bearing seeds’ are repeated six times in the two quoted verses, making sure that the reader does not miss the point: Life on Earth began with/from a seed of ready-made DNA.

Though a parallel specific Mesopotamian text has not been found thus far, other clues indicate that such a sequence of life’s beginnings from herbal seeds had been noted by the Sumerians.

We find the evidence in the words and terminology of the Fifty Divine Names that wer< granted to Marduk when he assumed supremacy. Retained in their original Sumerian form even in the Babylonian text, each name was followed by text-lines elaborating its meaning.

Of immediate relevance to our subject are the following seven epithet-names; we list them as they appear in the tablet, together with their textual elucidations:

Maru’ukka, Verily the god Creator of All.
Namtillaku, The god who sustains life.
Asaru, Bestower of cultivation, creator of herbs and grains who causes vegetation to sprout.
Epadun, Lord who sprinkles the field... who establishes seed rows.
Sirsir, Who heaped up a mountain over Tiamat... whose ‘hair’ is a grain field.
Gil, Who heaps grain in massive mounds, who brings forth barley and millet, who furnishes the Seed of Earth.
Gishnumunab, Creator of the Primeval Seed, the seed of all people.

The above sequence of attributes conforms to the Anunnaki’s theory of both the origin of Life on Earth and its evolutionary stages.

According to it, the celestial Marduk (alias Nibiru) is,

(a) the "Creator of the Primeval Seed"

(b) who "furnished the Seed of Earth," beginning with herbs and vegetation that sprouts

(c) culminating with providing "the Seed of All People"

It is a notion of all life stemming from the same ‘seed’ - the same DNA - in a chain leading from Nibiru’s "Primeval Seed" to the "Seed of All People."

In this concept - a scientific conclusion of the Anunnaki - lies the centrality of their preoccupation with "seed" as the essence of life. When Enlil wished to have Mankind perish in the Deluge, it was the "seed of Mankindthat Enlil wished to destroy.

When Enki revealed the secret of the Flood to Ziusudra, he told him that,

"A Deluge will be sent to destroy the seed of Mankind."

And it was not actual pairs of all animals that Noah/Utnapushtim took on board the Ark; in addition to some sheep and birds it was the "seed of living things’’ (provided by Enki) that was taken aboard.

As stated in the Epic of Gilgamesh, those were the instructions to Utnapishtim:

Man of Shuruppak, son of Ubar-Tutu,
Tear down the house, build a ship!
Give up possessions, seek thou life!
Forswear belongings, keep soul alive!
Aboard ship take thou the seed of all living things.

In the list of Fifty Names, Marduk’s epithets with the term "seed" in them ranged from,

"He who establishes seed rows" to he "who furnishes the Seed of Earth," "Creator of the Primeval Seed," and of "the seed of all people."

We can still hear the reverberating outcry of Ea/ Enki:

"I am the leader of the Anunnaki, engendered by fecund seed, the firstborn son of divine An!"

And we must recall Enlil’s superseding claim to the Right of Succession: The fact that because his mother, Antu, was a half-sister of Anu, Enlil’s "seed" was doubly fecunded.

So, of whose ‘seed’ is Man?

The issue of our genetic origins is no longer a sub-subject of biblical studies.

It has moved from the realms of faith and philosophy to the arena of sophisticated science, for the latest research is zeroing in on the seemingly immortal cancer cells and the obviously fundamental stem cells (the embryonic cells from which all other body cells evolve).

In the biblical narrative, humanity stems in direct lineage from Adam (and Eve) and their son Seth through the sole surviving family of Noah and his three married sons; but even the Bible acknowledges the existence of another human lineage, the Line of Cain, that flourished in some faraway Land of Nod.

Judging from the Sumerian and Akkadian sources, the actual story is considerably more complex - and it touches upon the issue of Life, Longevity, and Mortality.

Above all, it involves the demigods - offspring of the taking by the gods of the Daughters of Man as wives.

ADAM’S ALIEN GENES
In a historic breakthrough, two scientific teams announced in February 2001 the sequencing of the complete human genome.

The principal finding was that our genome contains not the anticipated 100,000-140,000 genes (the stretches of DNA that direct the production of amino-acids and proteins) but less than 30,000 - only about double the 13,601 genes of a fruit fly and barely 50 percent more than the roundworm’s 19,098. Moreover, there was hardly any uniqueness to the human genes.

They were found comparative to almost 99 percent of the chimpanzees, and to 70 percent of the mouse. Human genes, with the same functions, were found to be identical to genes of other vertebrates, as well as invertebrates, plants, fungi, even yeast.

The findings not only confirmed that there was one source of DNA for all life on Earth, but also enabled the scientists to trace the evolutionary process - how more complex organisms evolved, genetically, from simpler ones, adopting at each stage the genes of a lower life form to create a more complex higher life-form - culminating with Homo sapiens.

It was here, in tracing the vertical evolutionary record contained in the human and other analyzed genomes, that the scientists ran into an enigma. The "head-scratching discovery," as the journal Science (issue No. 291) termed it, was that the human genome contains 223 genes that do not have any predecessors on the genomic evolutionary tree.

In fact, these 223 genes were found to be completely missing in the whole range of the vertebrate phase of evolution.

An analysis of the functions of these genes, published in the journal Nature (issue No. 409), showed that they involve important physiological and cerebral functions peculiar to humans. Since the difference between Man and Chimpanzee is just about 300 genes, those 223 genes make a huge difference.

How did Man acquire such a bunch of enigmatic genes?

The scientists could only explain the presence of these alien genes by a "rather recent" (in evolutionary time scales) "probable horizontal transfer from bacteria,’’ suggesting that these are not genes acquired through evolution, but genes acquired through recent infection from bacteria.

If one accepts the "horizontal bacterial insertion" explanation, I wrote in my website, then it was a group of bacteria that said,

"Let us fashion The Adam in our image"...

I still prefer the Sumerian and biblical Anunnaki/Elohim version...

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