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Chapter III - The
Atmosphere
While it is not generally appreciated to be so, the fact remains that
our atmosphere is very highly specialized.
It is only during recent
years, since the advent of radio, that the essence in which the
popular atmosphere floats has been recognized as playing a most
important part in the earth's welfare; and, further, it is not yet
appreciated that the essence in which the atmosphere floats is an
essence totally different to that which fills space.
The essence in
which the atmospheric particles float is under direct control of the
central magnet, while that which fills space is in no way affected
by the central magnet, as the magnet has no power over it whatever.
Although our scientists have never appreciated the foregoing facts,
they were perfectly well known and understood by the scientists of
the earth's first great civilization more than 50,000 years ago.
They laid great stress upon it in their writings.
Our scientists assume that that which fills space, and that in which
our popular atmosphere floats, is one and the same thing. It is not,
as shown in the sacred inspired writings of the Motherland.
The ancients called that in which our atmosphere floats "the
essence" and that which fills space they called "the water." In the
ancient writings it is repeatedly pointed out that the light force
is carried in the essence, and not in the particles of our popular
atmosphere.
In the ancient writings the symbol for that which fills space was a
series of fine horizontal lines, Fig. 1, which they wrote "water."
The earthly water symbol was a serpent in motion, like the swells of
an ocean, generally written as a series of wavy horizontal lines,
Fig. 2. Why in ancient writings of 3000 or 4000 years ago call Fig.
1 "water"?
I think the symbol answers the question.
The translators of the
sacred writings could find no name corresponding with the original,
to give to the plain horizontal lines, but the horizontal wavy lines
were well known to them, so they differentiated between the two by
calling one the "water" and the other "the waters." I have never
found a word giving the name used by the ancients, only the symbol;
but, their writings distinctly tell us that it is that which fills
space. Not once but dozens of times.
In many of the vignettes of the sacred inspired writings is
unquestionably shown what the fine straight horizontal lines
symbolize.
As an instance, when the Creator is spoken of as having
existed in space, a vignette accompanying the writing shows the
seven-headed serpent moving along through fine horizontal straight
lines within a circle. Fig. 4.
LIGHTNING
Lightning is the result of an accumulation and a
concentration of a volume of the electro-magnetic division of the
earth's primary force at some point or area in the atmosphere, - a
volume over and above what the atmosphere can hold and carry in
suspension.
This accumulation is passing on its way to some other
area in the atmosphere, or is returning to earth - nature's
storehouse for it.
Lightning is a compound force, including most if not all of the
forces composing the electromagnetic division of the earth's primary
force.
The presence of lightning is revealed to us by a vivid incandescence
in the atmosphere in the form of streaks popularly called "flashes
of lightning."
This incandescence is not the force itself, but the superheated
atmosphere along the line of its course. The accumulation may be of
spherical form, or the form of a stream. Which it is, I have been
unable to determine.
I have tried to measure the temperature of lightning, but have
gained no satisfactory results.
An interesting point about lightning is that the flashes appear to
be subject to variation in temperature dependent on in what
direction the force runs. The flashes which run parallel to the
surface of the earth or with an upward tendency appear to have the
lowest temperatures. Those taking a downward course, making directly
for the earth, have the highest temperature. This may possibly be
due to the comparative density of the atmosphere.
I am giving two pictures of lightning flashes. One where the force
is returning directly to the earth, A, and the other where the force
is equalizing in the atmosphere and does not return to earth, B.
Picture A
Picture B
Picture A represents what is popularly called "fork lightning."
The
force is returning to earth from the point of concentration. During
its passage through the lower areas of the atmosphere, portions of
the bolt detached themselves. These portions show themselves in the
photograph as rootlets running from the descending bolt. These parts
are leaving the parent bolt to equalize in the atmosphere.
The bolt
is passing through an area which is slightly below in its holding
capacity: these additions will bring this area of atmosphere up to its
full holding capacity and equal with the surrounding areas.
The fact that these little streams of the force are leaving the
mother bolt, shows in itself that the atmosphere in this area was
below normal. After the atmosphere along the course of the bolt has
been fully charged, the balance enters its storehouse^ - the earth,
and there becomes dispersed.
In some areas, as will be seen in the picture, some large branches
leave the mother bolt, indicating that where these branches shoot
out, the atmosphere is exceedingly tow in force. If a human being
were placed in one of these denuded areas, virtual pockets, he would
experience great difficulty in breathing and in his heart action,
followed by numbness, and if the pocket were a large one he might
even become unconscious of his surroundings.
The cause would be the
absence of the life force, the power that works his material
machinery. There is a close relationship between lightning and the
life force, because the life force is one of the compounds that
enter into the makeup of lightning.
Picture B. This is an illustration of a flash of lightning running
horizontally across the heavens.
This picture is copied from a photograph of an actual flash of
lightning. The bolt started in the north and coursed along in a
southerly direction. It was the most beautiful and awe-inspiring
sight I have ever looked upon. The photo docs not show its full
length and fails utterly in disclosing its magnificence.
As the bolt passes on, innumerable branches and rootlets leave the
mother bolt. These continue to leave the bolt until the bolt is
entirely dissipated.
Here the forces are shown passing from a super-charged area to a
practically denuded one. By drawing the surplus
forces from an overcharged area into the undercharged one, the
forces become equalized in both areas.
Except in violent storms, when the forces equalize in the atmosphere
it takes the form of what is popularly called "summer lightning" and
sometimes "sheet lightning." These apparent sheets are made up of
infinitesimally small bolts or streams, each one independent of each
other. In this sheet form only exceedingly small vacuums are formed,
so small that to the ear no sounds of thunder accompany it.
For many years I have known that equalizing of the earth's primary
force went on in the atmosphere, and that its final working was in
the form of minute flashings from one atmospheric particle to
another, and from one minute area to another.
The major form of equalization, lightning, could be seen by its
effect on the atmosphere. When, however, it came to the final
interchanging, the flashings are so minute they cannot be detected
either by the eye or photography. These flashings and equalization
have been proven by the radio.
At times, harsh, crazy, squeaky sounds break in upon an opera star,
or some very interesting lecturer. These sounds are of various
degrees in intensity, sometimes drowning everything else. Radio fans
now say "the static is interfering." As a matter of fact, they mean
to express the exact opposite, - they mean "the static is being
interfered with." Static means at rest.
The crazy sounds are the
result of unrest, therefore kinetic.
These sounds from the radio, whether they are mere screenings or of
ear-splitting intensity, are caused by movements of the earth's
primary force in the atmosphere. Radio waves from the microphone to
the receiver are formed in the essence, not in the popular
atmosphere. The form of equalization of the force is by small
streams or bolts.
One particle of atmosphere holds much more force
than the next one; the force in the overcharged one divides itself
and a part leaves and jumps into the undercharged particle, thus
equalizing the two.
But this little bolt has to cross a channel of essence in jumping
from one atmospheric particle to another. Through this essence
channel a radio wave is running; the bolt cuts through it and for a
period of time less than a second breaks the wave. It is the
breaking of the radio wave and the passage of the little bolt
through the essence that produces the crazy sounds emitted by the
radio.
The intensity of the crazy sounds is governed by the size of the
bolt, the minimum being two particles of the atmosphere equalizing,
and the maximum being an area. The intensity of the crash is
governed by the size of the area, the
greater the area involved the more intense will be the disturbance.
It is a well-known phenomenon among radio fans that greater
distinctness and clearness of sound, with less atmospheric
disturbance, is experienced at night and during winter months than
during the hours of sunlight and summer months. This is a natural
phenomenon. At night the sun's forces are not drawing the earth's
forces from her body out into the atmosphere, there to be equalized.
The only equalization going on at night is what has been
incompleted
during the day.
There is no fresh supply drawn out during the night.
The same rule applies to summer and winter.
LIGHT
Before commencing to discuss the subject of light, let us
first see what our prehistoric forefathers wrote about it.
The Sacred, Inspired Writings of Mu
Section: The Creation.
Sub-section: The Third Command.
"Let the outside gases be separated and let them form the atmosphere
and the waters. And the gases were separated: one part went to form
the waters, and the waters settled upon the face of the earth, and
covered it, so that no land appeared anywhere. The gases that did
not form the waters formed the atmosphere, and:
"The Light was contained in the atmosphere,
"And the shafts of the sun met the shafts of the earth in the
atmosphere and gave it life. Then there was light upon the face of
the earth."
Aitareya A'ram'ya. An ancient Hindu book. Slokas 4-8.
"The
atmosphere that contains the light."
Rig Veda. An ancient Hindu book. Pages 3-4.
"He who measures out the
light in the air."
The Nahuatl.
From a Yucatan manuscript.
"When One-yocax, the Creator
who dwells in Himself, thought the time had come when all things
should be created, He arose, and from His hands resplendent with
light, He darted four arrows (the four great primary forces) which
struck and put into motion the four elements that float in the
atmosphere. The particles on being hit by the divine arrows became
animated... Then appeared the first rays of the rising sun,
which brought life and joy throughout nature.
Light, heat and rays are so closely allied and intermingled that it
becomes a difficult matter to speak of one without including the
others. Light is a force. Heat is a force. But rays are not forces.
They are the carriers of forces.
Light is an earthly force, a sub-division of the electro-magnetic
division of the earth's primary force. The light force forms its
waves in the essence in which the popular atmosphere floats.
When certain of the sun's affinitive forces which are carried in the
light rays strike the earth's light force, which is held in
suspension in the earth's atmospheric essence, it sets the earth's
light force into movement, giving it life, as stated by the
ancients. The movement of the force takes the form of waves. Each
wave is made up of innumerable infinitesimally small sparks or
flashes of the force.
Light travels through our atmosphere at the rate of 186,000 miles
per second. Waves formed in the popular or analyzable part of our
atmosphere are far too heavy and ponderous to travel at the rate of
light, but the essence is so thin that this velocity is obtainable
in it by the light force.
At what rate the forces from the sun and
other distant bodies pass through space, filled with an essence much
thinner than that in which our atmosphere floats, I cannot say. Our
distant stars are measured by light time calculated at 186,000 miles
per second. How fast do the light forces travel through thin space?
Much faster than here on earth without question.
Therefore, it seems
to me, the accepted distances of our distant suns are open for
revision.
Between the sun's atmosphere and the earth's atmosphere the sun's
rays are not seen. The space is a total darkness because there is no
elementary matter in space to hold a light force in suspension. So
the case stands: the male travels, the female waits. When they meet
light results. One without the other is incapable of producing
light.
That rays are not lost in space, although they pass through darkness
and are not seen, is shown by the sun's rays coming into evidence
again when they reach our atmosphere. This fact in turn is another
proof that light is an earthly force: because, if it came from the
sun, it would be seen all through space from the sun to the earth.
It also proves that the essence of our atmosphere is elementary,
although we cannot analyze it.
It also proves that that which fills space is not elementary, or if
it is, the earth's light force cannot be carried by it, neither our
sun's or any other great sun's.
The eye can be excited in various ways so as to produce sight. It
may be excited by the rude mechanical action of a blow. To produce
vision, however, the eye must receive something coming from without.
What is this something?
In some way luminous bodies have the power
of producing light.
I have used the term "luminous bodies" because I
think it will be better understood by the layman who has not studied
this particular branch of science. As a matter of fact, however, no
body is luminous. The body emits a parent ray which is dark and
invisible, and leaves the body unseen. This ray is a compound ray of
many colors.
At a certain distance from the body, this dark
invisible ray filters out the light rays which are apparent to
vision.
Thus between the light visible incandescent rays and the
body emitting the rays, there is a dark space, which veils the body
from sight, so that the body, not being seen, shows that it is not
incandescent. In addition to the light rays, which become visible
after they are filtered out from the parent ray, there remain ten
times as many rays, which are not visible because they are ultra and
intense "extremes."
Some time ago I came across a writing by a scientist stating that
the flame of an electric light is composed of oxygen and hydrogen.
This is not so. An electric light has no flame. That which appears
to this scientist to be flames are rays only, about one-tenth of
which sets the light force in the essence in motion, forming waves
and producing the phenomenon of light.
Oxygen increases combustion. Combustion is flame when not smothered.
If an electric bulb is broken at the time it is giving light, if it
was emitting flames coming in contact with the atmosphere containing
oxygen, the flames should materially increase.
But do they? No!
Directly the glass is broken the rays and so-called flames
disappear, thus clearly proving that the electric light has no flame
but rays only.
I will give two illustrations of parent rays being filtered in
connection with combustion.
In both of these cases the parent ray assumes the form of an are,
around the point of the gas jet, and around the wick of the candle.
Beyond the dark ray are the visible rays, flame. The distance from
the body where the parent ray commences to the point where it
filters out the light rays, is subject to great variation in
different bodies. In some cases it is almost infinitesimal ; in
others, such as the illustrations shown, they are even measurable
with the naked eye.
The parent ray commences to divide directly it comes into contact
with the atmosphere, preparatory to the actual filtering out. It is
very generally believed that light depends on heat, and that, in
some manner, light and heat are one and the same thing. I shall
hereafter conclusively show by experiments that: The light force
does not contain one particle of heat, and that the heat force does
not contain one particle of light.
I shall now take the human eye to show what vision is and how it is
accomplished.
I shall not attempt to give any details about the eye
beyond what is necessary to show the parts of its machinery, so that
the machine can be operated by the light force.
The optician informs us that there is a nerve in the eye especially
devoted to the purposes of vision called the optic nerve.
This nerve
emanates from the brain and passes from the brain to the back of the
eye. There it divides into fine filaments, which are woven together
into a kind of screen called the retina. The retina in front is
covered by a movable shade which is called the iris. The iris is the
colored part of the eye, such as blue, brown, and grey.
In the
center of this colored movable shade there is a small black spot,
which is called the pupil.
The size of the pupil is the exposed area of the retina. The
movements of the colored shade or iris are involuntary, over which
no being has any control. It expands and contracts with the
intensity of light. With the aid of the accompanying cut, I will
turn the eye into a machine for the sake of easy explanation of its
working, and show how the light force is the agent. We shall call
the optic nerve the conduit, as it carries the force from the eye to
the brain.
The retina we shall call the receiver, because it is the
retina that receives the force from without and carries it to the
conduit. The colored iris we shall call the governor, because it
controls the volume of the force taken in by the receiver, and the
pupil we shall call the port, as all of the force has to pass into
it.
The foregoing shows fairly well the machine which we shall now start
working.
Light and vision result from a current of the light force, which
takes the form of waves, each wave being made up of innumerable
infinitesimally small sparks, flashes, or streams.
Each spark or flash in the wave strikes on the receiver, and by it
the force is carried back to the conduit. Then the conduit conveys
it to the brain, to certain lobes. Then vision is the result. Each
tiny spark or flash in the wave, strikes a blow on delivery with the
force contained in it, so that, with the continuous multiplicity of
blows, and with their delivery of force, the current is never
broken.
This current of force continues as long as the ray exists,
and as long as the current of force exists, vision remains. When the
ray ceases, the current of force is broken. Then darkness prevails.
It may be well to point out that when the ray gets shut off, there
is a momentum in the force still left, which continues the wave and
current for a time.
Our twilight is the result of this momentum. In
the case of artificial lights, such as fires, lamps, and candles,
the momentum is so weak and short that it is not noticeable.
Light rays, those which are affinitive to and excite the light
force, are all distinguishable to the eye, regardless of their
color, and all rays regardless of the color that are palpable to
vision, have the faculty of exciting the light force and causing
light. The length of the spark in the light wave, the volume of the
wave and its length, and the rapidity of its movements, are subject
to variation, which variation governs the character of vision.
And
these variations are governed by the color of the ray which is
carrying the force.
The wave formed from a white or an ultra intense red ray gives the
most perfect vision, because the sparks in this wave are greater in
volume and length and have a greater rapidity in movement than waves
formed by any other colored ray. The length of a light wave formed
by a white ray measures from about 1/50,000th to 1/60,000th part of
an inch.
The number of sparks in a wave cannot be realized. It is,
however, clearly seen that the number of waves, with the innumerable
sparks in each wave, each spark delivering its quota of force to the
receiver with a blow, form a continuous, unbroken current of force,
therefore producing a continuous, unbroken, unwavering light.
A
violet ray produces the weakest of all lights.
Professor Proctor,
writing on this subject, says:
"The effect which we call color is
due to the length of the light wave."
I disagree entirely with Proctor where he says:
"Color is an
effect."
Proctor, like many other scientists, has made the mistake
of placing the cart before the horse.
Proctor makes the length of
the wave responsible for the color, whereas the fact is the color is
responsible for the length of the wave. Proctor apparently did not
know that light is a force; consequently did not know whence light
originates, or how it is generated. Light rays correspond with the
colors shown in the spectrum: The spectrum does not record or
disclose any of the dark rays.
This I demonstrated and proved in a
court of law in Europe, when as an expert witness I proved that
temperatures cannot be measured by the spectrum. At the same time I
demonstrated and proved that heat is carried in the dark invisible
rays alone. Each colored ray or group of rays, both light and dark,
whether they come from the sun or mechanical incandescence, affects
the forces coming out of the electro-magnetic division of the
earth's primary force.
We are discussing the subject of light, so we
shall see by a very simple experiment how the various colored rays
affect the light force.
Take a series of glasses corresponding with the colors of the
spectroscope, and, in addition, one that is pure white, and another
very lightly tinted with red to represent intensity. Place each
glass successively between a powerful incandescent lamp and some
very fine printed matter. The distinctness of the print will depend
on the volume and strength of the light force, falling on the print.
Each glass will be an affinitive of its own colored ray, and will
repel all other light rays.
Each colored ray coming through the
glass will carry a volume of the light force according to its
capacity.
On striking the print, the ray is deflected to the eye.
Thus the clearness of vision is governed by the volume and rapidity
of movement of the force carried in the ray. The white clear glass
will give one extreme, and the mauve glass the opposite extreme. It
is noticeable that waves of light formed by the primary colors are
stronger than those formed of secondary colors.
If, as Proctor says, "Color is an effect," then all inanimate matter
such as rocks, wood, foliage, and points must all be extremely
radioactive, and especially so when we take into consideration that
light rays only form about one-tenth of the whole. It is true that
all matter is permeated with the electromagnetic division of the
primary force.
Not all varieties of matter, however, are incapable
of holding a sufficient volume of the force to become radio-active,
only a very few. If all matter produced Proctor's "effect," then all
matter would be so radio-active that the burning effects of radium
would not be worth talking about. In fact we should not be able to
talk, for we should all be shriveled up.
By increasing or
intensifying a light ray, the volume, the rapidity of movement, and
the size of the spark are increased.
A much larger area of the receiver is required to produce perfect
vision when the current is weak than when the current is strong. For
perfect vision, the receiver must deliver to the conduit its full
carrying capacity, no more or no less.
When too much current is
delivered to the conduit, that is, more than it can convey, the
movable shade or the governor involuntarily closes in and reduces
the area of reception to balance the capacity of the conduit.
As
examples:
If we pass from a dimly lighted room having only an 8-candlc power
lamp into a brightly lighted room having a 100-candle power lamp, we
find on entering the room that we are compelled for a short time
partially to close our eyes to avoid what is popularly termed
"glare." By thus partially closing the eye, the lids are partially
drawn over the receiver, thus reducing its area of reception.
The
eyelids remain thus partially closed until the governor has acted by
closing in over the area of reception itself. When the governor has
adjusted the area of reception to the capacity of the conduit, the
eyelids automatically open again to their normal extent.
On entering the brightly lighted room, we were compelled to close
our eyes partially, because we came from a low current of force into
an intensified one. It was a greater volume of force than could be
conveyed by the conduit. When we left the dimly lighted room, the
receiver was calibrated for the current emanating from an 8-candle
power lamp.
When we entered the brightly lighted room, the receiver
had to be recalibrated to suit the force emanating from a 100-candle
power lamp. On entering the brightly lighted room, a current of
force struck the receiver, which was many times more than what the
conduit could convey in its condition then.
As soon as this
condition was encountered, the receiver automatically commenced to
re-calibrate itself, so that only as much force should be taken in
as could be conveyed by the conduit without overflowing over the
eye-ball. By reducing the receiving area of the receiver, the volume
of force passing to the conduit is reduced; its character, however,
is not changed.
An overflow of the conduit is demonstrated by the eye smarting and
watering, causing what may be termed semi-blindness, or, an
incapacity to see distinctly.
An overflow of the force is caused by the receiver taking in a
greater volume of force than can be carried by the conduit to the
brain, so that what is not taken by the conduit is spilled over the
eyeball. I shall take a water pipe as an example: When the pipe is
carrying its capacity and more is added, the addition spills over.
Tears or watering of the eye is nature's remedy; the elementary
parts of water are very affinitive to the force. The water collects
the spilled force and carries it away from the eye in the form of
tears.
When going from a brightly lighted room into a dimly lighted one,
vision again becomes indistinct. The cause is the reverse to my
first example, and all actions of the eye are reversed.
An examination of the eye discloses the fact that in a dimly lighted
room the area of the receiver is large, and in a brightly lighted
room small.
When the light is extremely bright, as is the case with furnace
fires, colored glasses are used to protect the eyes.
These glasses
repel all light rays that do not partake of their own colors, thus
reducing the current of force which strikes the eye.
I shall now examine the eyes of some night-seeing animals like the
owl and the cat.
THE OWL
The owl is one of the birds which can see perfectly and
distinctly during the dark hours of the night only.
From the
foregoing cut of the owl's eyes, it will be seen that the eye has an
enormous receiving area. The eye shows an extremely narrow iris or
governor.
In the owl the governor is not under control, nor docs it
work automatically like many other night-seeing animals. Therefore
it cannot calibrate its receiver so as to see distinctly during the
day or sunlight. Being unable to control the governor, a greater
volume of the light force is taken in by the receiver during the day
than can be carried by the conduit.
An overflow of the force and semi-blindness is the result, so the owl sleeps during the day and
works during the night. At night the enormously large receiver is
capable of collecting a sufficient volume of the light force from
the weak and ever-weakening current to fill out the capacity of the
conduit.
And, as the conduit is conveying its full capacity, the owl
can see objects as clearly during the dark hours of the night as we
can see them during the bright hours of the day.
THE CAT
The cat is a domesticated animal that can see as well
during the dark hours of the night as during the bright hours of
daylight.
There is a difference between the eyes of the owl and
those of a cat, which is: The owl has no control over the governor
of the eye, whereas the cat has perfect control.
In the cat's eye,
the governor is capable of both great expansion and an equally great
contraction.
Fig. 1. "During night light." This figure shows the condition of
the
cat's eye during the dark hours of the night, the governor is drawn
back to its limit, exposing an enormous area of reception,
corresponding with the receiver of the owl which only sees at night.
Fig. 2. "Subdued light." This figure shows the condition of
the
cat's eye during the hours of late twilight and early dawn. The
iris, the movable shade or governor, is here shown drawn in over
about one-half of the total area of the receiver, thus reducing the
area of reception to about one-half, to take in only as much force
as can be conveyed by the conduit.
Fig. 3. "Bright light." This figure shows the condition of the eye
during the bright hours of day. The governor is here shown so drawn
in that only a fine hair-like line of the receiver is left exposed,
thus reducing the current of force received to the minimum.
Night-seeing birds and night-seeing animals thus demonstrate that
vision, the power to distinguish objects, may continue after the
body which has been emitting the light ray has disappeared and
proving beyond all question that the light waves continue also,
which in turn proves that there is a momentum left in the force
which continues for a time.
It is also shown that the momentum
resulting from the forces of the sun continues throughout the night,
but with ever-decreasing velocity and power.
After the rays of the
sun have left the atmosphere, the current of the earth's light force
continues to move like a fly-wheel after the power driving it is
shut off. The mechanical fly-wheel continues to revolve, but with
ever-decreasing speed.
Each turn or revolution becomes slower and
slower until finally it stops, indicating that the earth's cold
magnetic force has overcome the force of momentum and anchored the
wheel.
The cold magnetic force was enabled to accomplish this
because momentum is only a weak temporary force. The lines of
momentum are centrifugal in a wheel. The mechanical fly-wheel will
not start revolving again until power is applied. So it is with the
light force in the atmosphere.
After the sun's ray with its
affinitive forces has been shut off, which is the power, the energy
of the light force in the atmosphere becomes weaker, hour after
hour, until the hour just before the dawn when it is at its weakest
ebb.
Man cannot see distinctly at night like the cat and the owl because
the governor of man's eye is incapable of sufficient expansion to
expose a sufficient area of the receiver to take in a volume of the
weakened force sufficient to fill out the capacity of the conduit.
Could the governor of man's eye be made to expand to an equal extent
with those of the owl and the cat, then man like these animals would
also see as distinctly at night as he does by day.
The foregoing opens up a very pretty and interesting moral lesson
for us all.
HEAT
Our heat is an earthly force and does not come directly from
the sun.
I shall define what heat is:
Heat is a phenomenon which is a collection and a concentration of a
sub-division of the electro-magnetic division of the earth's primary
force at a given point or area, which the surrounding substances are
incapable of carrying away by interchange and equalization at a
sufficient rapidity to prevent a rise in the temperature at the
given point or area.
What is temperature?
Temperature is the indication and measurement of a collection of the
earth's heat force at a given point or area. The degree of
temperature is the measurement of the volume of the force at the
point or area.
The heat force - normally - is a cold force. It is in a cold
condition during the time it is being held in reserve in the earth's
storehouse for her forces, also in reserve in the atmosphere.
In any room of a building there is sufficient heat force held in
reserve to melt the building, if the heat force in the room were
brought up to its maximum degree of activity.
The action of the heat force is plainly told in the old Naacal
tablets,
"and the shafts of the sun met the shafts of the earth's
heat in the atmosphere, and gave it life, and the face of the earth
was warmed by the heat," and again in the Nahuatl, "The particles
being hit by the divine arrows became animated, and heat was
developed."
Affinitive forces of the sun are carried in his rays.
The forces affinitive to the earth's heat force first draws it from
the surface of the earth out into the atmosphere as shown in
illustration on page 41. When in the atmosphere, the two forces, the
earth's and the sun's, commingle and then the heat force becomes
alive and takes the form of waves. As a matter of fact there are two
of the sun's magnetic affinitive forces connected with the workings
of the heat force.
The first sun's force draws the cold heat force
from the earth's skin out into the atmosphere. This sun's force does
not animate the heat force and give it life. The heat force comes in
contact with the animating force in the atmosphere only.
The sun's magnetic force, which draws the heat force from the
earth's body is incapable of exciting it into activity to give it
movement and life.
This is apparent from the fact that the force
leaves the earth's body in a cold state. If this particular magnetic
force of the sun were capable of transforming the heat force into
activity, it would do so before the force left the body of the
earth, and as the earth's body is permeated with the heat force, it
would bring about a condition: the condition would be, a red-hot
surface to the earth upon which no life could exist.
As the earth's
surface is not red-hot, and as it is permeated with the heat force,
which is being constantly drawn out by an affinitive force of the
sun, it is clearly demonstrated that this drawing affinitive force
is a different one to that which brings the force into life in the
atmosphere.
I have previously stated that the atmosphere has a governed holding
capacity of forces, that each atmospheric particle of the atmosphere
whether it be the essence or the analyzable parts, can hold and
carry in suspension just so much and no more. I shall now go further
and say that this regulation applies to individual forces as well as
the whole.
Therefore it is thus shown that the sun's magnetic force,
which draws the heat force from the earth's body, can draw just so
much and no more. When the holding capacity for the heat force is
filled, the magnetic force can draw out no more because there is
nowhere to put it.
Fossils of vegetation have been found in the cold arctic regions of
growths only found in tropical and super-tropical climates, showing
that at the time when these plants were growing, our now frigid
arctic regions were then hot or super-tropical. A very interesting
question thus arises.
What has become of the heat that in ancient
times made our polar regions super-tropical?
Heat is a force that requires room-space in elements, and, as there
are no elements in space beyond our atmosphere, it is self-evident
that it did not wander out into space and there get lost.
At the time when the waters first settled upon the thin crust of the
earth, there was insufficient storage for the forces in her body.
Consequently a super-bulk was outside mixed in with the atmosphere.
They were there awaiting storage accommodation. As the crust of the
earth thickened, so the storage plant was increased, and, as this
was increased, the over-charge in the atmosphere was gradually drawn
in and stored.
This resulted in the lowering of the heat force in
the atmosphere, in ratio to the thickening and cooling of the
earth's crust. At the beginning what is now our frigid regions were
super-tropical, and as the crust of the earth thickened, so their
temperatures went down until they became what they are now.
Space to all intents and purposes is a vacuum. The heat force can
neither enter or pass through a vacuum. Space forms a complete
barrier to the passage of the heat force in any direction. Space is
nothingness, and the heat force cannot enter nothingness. Forces in
a manner duplicate the workings of the elements, that is, they
become tired out and exhausted after performing a service assigned
to them by nature.
Elements when exhausted after performing some function assigned to
them by nature, return to mother earth for regeneration and to be
born over again.
Leaves fall from the tree and bush, grasses mature
and die down, thus they pass into nature's laboratory, where they
decompose and return to the soil from whence they came, to be again,
at some future date, taken up and formed into new vegetation. When
forces become exhausted, they are drawn back by the great central
magnet to the frictional line. There they are regenerated and passed
out into the storehouse, the cold hard crust of the earth.
The exhausted heat force is thus regenerated and passed out into the
storehouse. There it remains in a cold inanimate state until called
upon by nature for some other work.
While the sun's forces are drawing volumes of the heat force from
the earth's body in a regenerated condition, the earth's great
central magnet is drawing back for regeneration an equal volume of
tired out, exhausted force, thus following out the great law
governing motion and life by forming a circular or orbital movement.
I have heretofore laid great stress on the fact that the earth's
cold hard crust is the storehouse of her regenerated forces.
Now I
wish to emphasize the
following facts:
As the earth's crust thickened, so the temperatures surrounding the
earth dropped.
The drop was in ratio to the thickening of the earth's crust.
When the heat force becomes tired out and exhausted, the sun's
forces have no more power over it.
A controlling magnetic force cannot be stored in a superheated body.
The body must be cold.
A force cannot be regenerated in a cold area.
Various phenomena show that the reserve forces stored in the earth's
body far exceed the volume of forces held in suspension in the
atmosphere.
Through this surplus in the earth's body a neutral zone
was struck. This neutral zone is now instrumental in preventing the
earth from solidifying and cooling any deeper. From the time this
neutral zone was established, the temperatures of the earth's
atmosphere were finally settled.
Today there is as great a volume of the heat force carried in the
atmosphere of the frigid zones as there is in that of the tropical
belt.
As soon as the heat force arrives in the atmosphere from the body of
the earth, under a natural law, it commences to equalize in the
atmosphere by interchange, that is, each particle of atmosphere has
an equal volume of the force. What we know as radiation is nothing
more than the interchanging and equalizing of the heat force
throughout the area, a room or the open. When the force becomes
exhausted again, it is claimed by the central magnet.
When out in the atmosphere, the sun's forces hold the earthly forces
in suspension, including the heat force, until the day has passed
and the sun has sunk below the horizon. From this moment the sun's
forces have no power over the forces in the atmosphere. Then the
great central magnet commences its work. It draws back to the
frictional line all exhausted forces, and apparently those also that
are in a very weakened condition.
Gradually the momentum slows down,
and as it slows down, the forces become less active. Thus the
phenomenon of night being colder than the day is explained. Another
phenomenon is the earth experiences various temperatures at
different parts of her surface, hot, temperate, and frigid.
This
condition is brought about by:
From this it is seen that both time and angles are involved; a
natural law, however, is followed: The more direct the angle at
which the sun's forces strike the lines of forces of the earth, the
greater is the power of the sun's forces.
Consequently, at these
angles we find the maximum heat: the tropics.
At the angles at which the sun's rays become obtuse so that the
effect of the sun's forces are lessened, here we find a milder
temperature: the temperate regions.
Where the sun's rays strike the face of the earth at the most obtuse
angles, we find the maximum frigidity: the polar regions.
The
accompanying illustration is an explanation:
I shall now give some well-known phenomena that will serve as proofs
that the heat force requires room space in elements; without
elements it could not exist.
If we raise the temperature, of say, a piece of iron, the iron will
expand; the additional or rather added volume of force has made room
for itself in the iron by expanding it.
Then, if we withdraw the
added heat by cooling the iron, the iron will shrink back into its
original size. This is the common phenomenon known as expansion and
contraction.
At night when the sun's rays are falling on the opposite side of the
earth, we can again super-heat the iron and expand it. Do we get
this heat from the sun, which is on the other side of the earth ?
Decidedly not. This heat is taken out of the atmosphere where it was
lying dormant and cold, having been previously drawn from the
earth's body, but not exhausted.
A common and a well-known phenomenon is that the nearer we get to
the source of heat, the higher we find the temperature; as an
example, there is a hot stove at the end of a long room. In the
opposite end of the room we find the temperature many degrees lower
than close around the stove. In the center of the room the
temperature is about midway between the two ends of the room.
Therefore if our heat comes from the sun, as our scientists tell us
it does, the nearer we get to the sun, the warmer we should find it.
Do we? Let us see.
We will go to the tropics for there we shall find the sun directly
above our heads. We will start from the shores of the ocean - sea
level. We register the temperature and find it to be 110° F. We take
a balloon and rise 10,000 feet in a direct line to the sun; at this
elevation we find the temperature has dropped down to freezing
point, 32° F.
We take another jump up to 40,000 feet above sea
level, still heading direct for the sun. We are now several miles
nearer to the sun than at sea level. We register the temperature
again. It has dropped to 500 below zero. The cold is unbearable, yet
scientists tell us that 40,000 feet above sea level we are that much
nearer the source of heat.
To corroborate the results of our balloon ascent, let us do a little
mountain climbing. We will make our start from a warm valley at the
base of a high mountain. As we ascend this mountain, we find that it
grows colder and colder. This clearly proves that the higher we
ascend from sea level, so the temperature is proportionately
lowered. And, as we leave the earth's surface, so we are leaving the
source of the earth's heat.
Another well-known phenomenon is that as we ascend from sea level,
so the atmosphere becomes proportionately less dense. It rarifies as
we go up. This phenomenon is that there are fewer atmospheric
particles to the cubic inch 10,000 feet up than there are at sea
level.
This diminution of atmospheric particles is not always in
regular ratio as shown by G.L. Tanzer in "Cosmic Reciprocity."
Two facts now confront us:
-
The first is, as we ascend from sea level, the atmosphere becomes
more rarified. That is, there are fewer atmospheric particles to the
cubic inch floating in the essence.
-
The second is, each atmospheric
particle can hold a given quantity only of the heat force.
There is the reason why the temperature drops as we ascend from sea
level. I will reduce it to a sum in arithmetic. At sea level there
are 10,000 particles of atmosphere to the cubic inch registering a
temperature of 110° F.
At 10,000 feet altitude we find only 5000 (?)
particles to the cubic inch. These can only hold half the volume of
the force. Therefore the temperature should be one-half of what it
is at sea level. We find this is so, for at the 10,000 foot elevation, the temperature has dropped to 550° F. The foregoing
figures are only given as a basis on which to form an example. The
actual figures may be found in most scientific works.
What further proof is required to show that the earth's heat does
not come from the sun, but is one of her own forces?
I shall next take up an example of a totally different character,
the workings of a thermo-electric pyrometer.
HEAT PHENOMENA
A sufficient volume of the heat force accumulated
and concentrated at a given point is capable of producing
thermo-chemical reactions - analyses.
A thermo-chemical analysis is the undoing of a previous
thermo-chemical synthesis. A thermo-chemical synthesis, which we may
be analyzing today, may have been formed tens of millions of years
ago. There are various mechanical ways and means by which the heat
force may be accumulated and concentrated, both mechanically and
chemically.
It is, however, easier to accumulate and concentrate
many of the forces of the electro-magnetic division of the primary
force than to isolate and concentrate the heat branch alone. This
being the case, it is the general custom to accumulate an affinitive
group of which heat forms one, or maybe the light
force forms one also.
The dynamo, which is a piece of mechanical machinery, does not
generate the electro-magnetic force. The dynamo only draws the force
out of the surrounding atmosphere, where it is being held in
suspension.
The atmosphere surrounding the dynamo cannot be denuded
of the forces; interchange and equalization prevents it. As the
dynamo cuts the lines of the forces and diverts them into its own
channels, surrounding forces follow in and keep the atmosphere fully
charged with a constant current coming from the earth's body to
replace all forces that become exhausted.
The heat force has an
affinity for all elements, some strong, others weak, and some
almost, but not quite, negative. The greatest elementary affinity of
the heat force is oxygen. Friction, which is neither an clement or a
force, but a phenomenon resulting from the workings of elements and
forces, has the faculty of collecting and concentrating the heat
force.
Earthly surface frictions are minute duplications of the
workings of the great central magnet. Sufficient friction will
accumulate and concentrate such a volume of the heat force as to
enable it to cause combustion and burn up solid bodies. Flames of
fire are the result of a thermo-chemical analysis.
A thermo-chemical
analysis from the result of friction may cause a solid to be
transformed and pass off into the atmosphere in the form of
super-heated gases. The phenomenon is commonly called "flames of
fire." After the analysis of a compound has been started by
mechanical friction, the further friction which carries on the
analysis owes its existence to chemical friction caused by the
separating of the elements of the compound forming the solid.
For
all thermo-chemical separations are accompanied by chemical
friction. This chemical friction continuously accumulates and
concentrates further volumes of the heat force in the compound that
carries on and continues the combustion.
A thermo-chemical analysis can be accelerated by the use of oxygen.
Friction in itself is incapable of starting or maintaining a flame
of fire, for, like the dynamo, it is only the agent which collects
and concentrates the force. The force, and the force only, is
responsible for the flame. As soon as the fire starts, the volume of
the force which started it passes on in the flame into the
atmosphere and there proceeds to equalize.
It is this particular
form of equalizing that warms the atmosphere surrounding a fire.
After the fire is exhausted, the equalizing of the force continues
and extends until the atmosphere around where the fire stood becomes
normal, for, under the great law of equalization, the interchanging
must continue until the force becomes equally distributed throughout
and around where the fire stood, just as the waters of an ocean
after a storm level off, and the surface becomes equalized.
The foregoing explanation of heat accounts for another well-known
phenomenon - that of smothering or putting out a fire by cutting off
the atmospheric draughts from it, lowering the intensity of a fire
by reducing the atmospheric draughts, or increasing the intensity of
the fire by increasing the atmospheric draughts.
It is not the
atmosphere or any of the elements composing the atmosphere that is
primarily responsible for the changes in the intensity of the fire;
the changes are solely due to the volume of force.
The force is
primary, the elements composing the atmosphere are auxiliary, as one
of the agents - oxygen - carries or brings the heat force in. As
before stated, the atmosphere holds vast volumes of forces in
suspension; every atom or particle of oxygen carries its quota of
the heat force.
Therefore, as the volume of the atmospheric draughts
is reduced or increased, so in proportion is the volume of the force
which is being supplied to the chemical friction either increased or
reduced. By cutting off all atmospheric draughts, the supply of
force to carry on the burning is cut off, and the fire can continue
no longer.
I have made the statement that heat is an earthly force and followed
this statement with various well-known phenomena showing how the
force works. I shall now demonstrate and reasonably prove that heat
is a force, also an earthly force. For this purpose I shall call to
my assistance what is known as the
thermo-electric pyrometer. A thermo-electric pyrometer is designed
for measuring
temperatures, especially high temperatures.
From personal experience
and tests which I have made, I can say that accurate measurements
can be made with it up to about 2000° F. Beyond this point it does
not record accurately on account of the critical point in the metal
forming its fire end.
An approximate reading can be made beyond
2000° F, but it can only be approximate.
As a matter of fact, the thermo-electric pyrometer does not record
heat any more than does the prism.
The pyrometer measures and
records the volume of the magnetic current, not the heat current.
The heat and magnetic forces which affect the pyrometer are branches
of the electro-magnetic division of the primary force, and except
when they are purposely isolated from one another, they are
associated, but always in an exact proportion one to the other. This
rule never varies.
Thus if we fix the volume of the magnetic force
as x = 100° F of heat, we also find that 2X = 200° F, and 3x =
300° F, and so on up to 2000° F.
My usual manner of calibrating my thermo-electric pyrometer was with
hot water. Bring the water up to 100° F as shown by an ordinary
thermometer. Then immerse the fire end in the water and calibrate it
to read 100° F. Then as a check-off run the water up to 200° F as
shown by the thermometer, and test the thermo-electric to see if it
is reading accurately.
Very few laymen know the construction and workings of a
thermo-electric pyrometer, so I have made a drawing of one in
connection with a piece of hot steel in a furnace, and with this
drawing I give an explanation, which I feel sure will be understood
by everyone reading it. (See above figure.)
D, the furnace
S, the hot steel
F, a pair of ordinary insulated
wires
E, a detachable joint called the
fire end, made of some refractory metal such as
platinum-platinum-rhodium or platinum-iridium
E.E, connection of fire end with
lead wire outside of the furnace
G.G, connection of the other end of the lead wire
with the pyrometer.
Thus it is seen that from the pyrometer P to the furnace D,
containing the hot steel S, whose temperature is being measured,
runs a pair of ordinary insulated wires F, the same kind of wires as
are used for lighting purposes.
These wires are connected outside
the furnace at E.E with the fire end also composed of two wires but
of refractory metal. The other end of the fire end rests against the
hot steel S. At the other end of the lead wire which may be of any
length from 100 feet to a mile, a connection is made with the
pyrometer at G.G.
In the instrument the current is transferred to a
coil, then on to the needle or indicator, which it moves forward or
backward as the current may vary. The needle point is on a dial
divided into degrees. Thus the movement of the needle points to a
degree in the current which in turn gives the degree of temperature
or what the volume of the heat force is which is lodged in the body
of the steel in the furnace.
This outline shows all positions and
conditions. It will be seen that any electric current that may move
the needle or indicator, in either direction, forwards or backwards,
must come from the steel in the furnace as the pyrometer is in
connection with nothing else.
Having given an outline of the instrument and the manner of its
working, I shall now put it into operation.
The ingot is placed in the furnace at atmospheric temperature, say
700° F. The needle will be pointing to the 70-degree mark on the
dial. The next step is what is technically termed "fire the
furnace," i.e., turn on the heat. As the ingot begins to absorb the
heat, it delivers the electric current to the fire ends; these
through the lead wires deliver it to the pyrometer. The force then
passes through the coils and advances the needle from 70° to 600°,
marked A on the instrument, showing that now there is an
accumulation of heat in the ingot which raises its temperature to
600° F.
Now open up more draughts and thus increase the intensity of the
fire.
The ingot absorbs more of the heat force and the needle
proceeds to show the increase by moving from the 600° point to the
1200° point, marked B on the face of the instrument. Let another set
of draughts be opened up equal to each of the first and second. The
needle advances until it arrives at the 1800° mark and there stops
at C on the face of the instrument.
There are now 1800 units of the
magnetic force in the ingot which tells us that there is also 1800°
F. of the heat force.
By "drawing the fire," that is, cutting off all of the draughts, a
reaction takes place, the needle is seen moving back, showing that
the forces are leaving the ingot. The rate of the needle's progress
is governed by the rapidity with which the forces leave the body of
the ingot, and interchange with the surrounding atmosphere and
substances. This form of interchange and equalization is commonly
called cooling.
A pyrometer should always be placed at a spot where the temperature
is normal, and as far away from the substance whose temperature is
being measured as possible, so that no radiated heat coming from the
furnace can affect it to cause a false registration of temperature
of the substance being measured. It is also clearly demonstrated
that it can only be a force coming from the ingot that affected the
instrument, and that it was a magnetic force and not the heat force.
It has now been shown that as the temperature of the steel ingot was
raised, it was accomplished by atmospheric draughts, which carried
in volumes of the heat force accompanied by a magnetic force. The
magnetic force was carried to the instrument and moved the needle,
the movements of the needle all the time corresponding to the
increased volume of forces being concentrated in the ingot.
It may, however, be argued, that the elements composing the
atmospheric draughts were the responsible agents which raised the
temperature of the ingot. To meet such an argument and to check the
foregoing, I will make another test. This time in an electric
furnace, where draughts are not used. An electric furnace is as near
a vacuum as is possible to get.
The agent for melting the steel will
be what is known as an electric current, which contains the main
branches of the electro-magnetic division of the primary force. In
this case the heat force is accumulated and concentrated in the
steel unaided by any atmospheric draughts. As the forces accumulate
in the steel, the temperature continues rising until the metal
breaks down and melts.
A thermo-chemical analysis has commenced.
Melting is the first step. This demonstrates that it was the heat
force and the heat force alone that raised the temperature of the
steel ingot to 1800° F. in the first experiment.
Before closing this section on heat, I shall add a few words more
about friction.
Friction is not a force. Friction is nature's agent for the
accumulation and concentration of forces.
Example:
Take two pieces of wood and rub them violently one against the
other. In a short time the wood will ignite and burst into flame.
The fire docs not emanate from the hand working the sticks, nor is
the necessary volume of the force contained in the sticks, otherwise
the sticks would ignite without rubbing.
Friction is the greatest affinitive of the heat force, so that
wherever friction is produced, heat will be collected and
concentrated. With the grinding of the sticks one against the other,
the friction goes on until a sufficient volume of the heat force is
collected at the point sufficient to start combustion.
The hands and
the pieces of wood are like the dynamo, only agents in collecting
and concentrating the force.
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