1. RELATING TO A VULCAN LIKE PLANET

2. RELATING TO OTHER NEW SOLAR PLANETS

3. KUIPER BELT OBJECTS & COMETS 

• Do not believe in anything simply because you have heard it.

• Do not believe in anything simply because it is spoken and rumoured by many.

• Do not believe in anything simply because it is found written in your religious books.

• Do not believe in anything merely on the authority of your teachers and elders.

• Do not believe in traditions because they have been handed down for many generations.

• But after observation and analysis, when you find that anything agrees with reason and is conducive to the good and benefit of one and all, then accept it and live up to it.

- Gautama Buddha

1. RELATING TO A VULCAN LIKE PLANET

   • MORE ON PLANET-X
     Van Flandern wrote: "If Planet X crosses Jupiter's orbit, it is a goner, either by collision with Jupiter or ejection from the solar system, within 100,000 years... The encounters with Jupiter are not merely potential, but inevitable, because of forced precession of the orbit by Jupiter... Jupiter's gravity is so strong that it can eliminate another body in a single close approach."* Furthermore, since the Earth's orbit was almost perfectly circular, Van Flandern ruled out any possibility that Earth had suffered a major catastrophic collision.

      

     And thus he negated the idea that the Babylonian Epic of Creation, as decoded by Sitchin, was a historical record of events in our solar system. This would appear to doom Sitchin's "twelfth planet" that ancient astronomers had referred to using the names "Marduk" and "Nibiru". But notice that it does not doom the possibility that Tiamat, Marduk and Nibiru are comet swarms that could "appear as large as a planet. While these would eventually be ejected from or solar system or collide with the known planets, at other times new ones would be drawn in from the Kuiper belt.by Vulcan. Vulcan never gets closer to the Sun than 134 AU, about 2.7 times as far as Pluto's far point is from the Sun.

     
     'Statistically, a few passing stars would approach within 40 times (2000 AU) Pluto's distance of the Sun over the life of the solar system. They would tend to perturb the outermost planets (10 to 40 times more distant than Pluto) into planet-crossing orbits. Eventually the crossings would result in close encounters between planets. Vulcan never gets farther from the Sun than 450 AU, about 9 times as distant as Pluto's far point is from the Sun.

     
     Van Flandern noted, however, that once Planet X had been forced inwards, it would suffer repeated encounters with the other planets, eventually leading to its ejection from the solar system.[11] Van Flandern confirmed that such a planet-crossing orbit was highly unstable and unlikely to last for more than 100,000 years, mainly due to the powerful influence of Jupiter, by far the largest planet of the solar system:

   • THE MYSTERY OF PLANET X Van Flandern (whose astronomical specialty is celestial mechanics) wrote:
     
     "Statistically, a few passing stars would approach within 40 times Pluto's distance of the Sun (2000 AU) over the life of the solar system. They would tend to perturb the outermost planets... into planet-crossing orbits. Eventually the crossings would result in close encounters between planets."

     
     In a later communication (03/28/2003) Van Flandern further clarified this comment. " Orbits at large distances are unstable over the solar system’s lifetime. (This is not just my opinion, but standard dynamical astronomy based on the statistics of passing stars.) So rare cases where stars are now seen at such distances must be of relatively recent origin. These are usually either systems that have recently escaped from open clusters, or multiple-star systems that have experienced a close encounter, leading to near-ejection of a member star. Less likely are transfer captures from other passing stars. There are also many cases of recent star system formation. For example, the Orion Nebula seems to be an active stellar nursery. All we can be sure of is that it is very unlikely such systems have been around for 4.5 billion years."

     
     Upon asking if there were any independent evidence that the Alpha Centauri trinary was a relatively new stellar system, Van Flandern on 03/28/2003 wrote. "None that I know of. The only recognized indicator of age would be metallicity in the stars. (High metallicity would indicate relative youth.) But I have no knowledge of the metallicity index for the Alpha Centauri system. Otherwise, the presence of a distant companion is the only clue. (But you are obviously looking for some *independent* evidence of youth.)."

     
     Vulcan's orbit, as described in this web site, falls within about a fifth of this distance. Therefore its orbit would not likely be perturbed by the passage of such a star. However, if stars pass within 2000 AU, many well also pass within ten or twenty times this distance. This would appear to doom Matese' "THE MASSIVE SOLAR COMPANION" discussed below.
     
     Van Flandern wrote: "If Planet X crosses Jupiter's orbit, it is a goner, either by collision with Jupiter or ejection from the solar system, within 100,000 years... The encounters with Jupiter are not merely potential, but inevitable, because of forced precession of the orbit by Jupiter... Jupiter's gravity is so strong that it can eliminate another body in a single close approach."

     
     This would appear to doom Sitchin's "twelfth planet" that ancient astronomers had referred to using the names "Marduk" and "Nibiru".

      

      

   • PLANET X, 1841-1992
     Tom van Flandern examined the positions of Uranus and Neptune in the 1970s. The calculated orbit of Neptune fit observations only for a few years, and then started to drift away. Uranus orbit fit the observations during one revolution but not during the previous revolution. In 1976 Tom van Flandern became convinced that there was a tenth planet. After the discovery of Charon in 1978 showed the mass of Pluto to be much smaller than expected, van Flandern convinced his USNO colleague Robert S. Harrington of the existence of this tenth planet.

      

     They started to collaborate by investigate the Neptunian satellite system. Soon their views diverged. van Flandern thought the tenth planet had formed beyond Neptune's orbit, while Harrington believed it had formed between the orbits of Uranus and Neptune. van Flandern thought more data was needed, such as an improved mass for Neptune furnished by Voyager 2. Harrington started to search for the planet by brute force -- he started in 1979, and by 1987 he had still not found any planet. van Flandern and Harrington suggested that the tenth planet might be near aphelion in a highly elliptical orbit.

      

     If the planet is dark, it might be as faint as magnitude 16-17, suggests van Flandern. This site concludes that Vulcan is of magnitude 20.5 - 21.1, passed aphelion circa 1970 and its orbit has an eccentricity of about 0.54.

      

      

   • WHY THE SECRET ABOUT THE 'NEW PLANET'?
     It is already known that the body was discovered in October 21 2003 by the designation 2003 UB313.
     Why is it now stated it was spotted in "January", inferring that the discovery occurs in 2005?

     
     "Xena was first spotted in January. Since then scientists have been checking its position and size before making their announcement. They had hoped to hold back for longer, but a secure website containing details of the discovery was recently hacked and the hacker threatened to release the information."

      

      

   • ASTRONOMERS AT PALOMAR OBSERVATORY DISCOVER A 10TH PLANET BEYOND PLUTO

      

     ORBITAL PARAMETERS OF
     VULCAN AND SOME(?) OF ITS RELATED OBJECTS

     * Astronomers are already postulating that these objects are captured extrasolar planetesimals from low-mass stars or brown dwarfs encountering the Sun.
     ** Kenyon and Bromley say that only the detection of objects with orbits inclined 40 degrees or more from the plane of the ecliptic will prove the existence of 'alien' planetoids. This may be why the existence of 2003 UB313 was kept secret. In other words, it associated these bodies with a brown dwarf star, i. e. Vulcan.

     Parameter	VULCAN	2000* CR105	Sedna 2003* VB12	2003** UB313	1996 TL66	2003 EL61	PLUTO
     Period (years)	4969.0 +30/- 24	3366	11249	557	755	?	248.09
     Eccentricity	0.537 +0.09/-0.04	0.804	0.849	0.442	0.589	0.1888	0.2485
     Inclination	48.44o +3o/- 9o	22.758o	11.932o	44.18o	23.9o	28.19o	17.14o
     Asc. Node	189.0o +/- 1.3o	128.28o	144.54o	35.88o	217.8o	121.90o	110.303 o
     Perihelion Arg.	257.8o +6o/- 13.5o	316.6o	311.47o	151.3o	184.7o	239.51o	113.8o
     Aphelion (AU)	448	405	928	97.6	135	51.524	49.305
     Perihelion (AU)	135	44	76	37.8	35	35.155	29.658

      

   • Details:

     • ORBIT FIT AND ASTROMETRIC RECORD FOR 03UB313

     • ORBIT FIT AND ASTROMETRIC RECORD FOR 00CR105

     • ORBIT FIT AND ASTROMETRIC RECORD FOR 03EL61

        

      

   • 'TENTH PLANET' HUNTED IN WRONG PART OF THE SKY
     It turns out that astronomers failed to aim NASA's infrared telescope at 2003 UB313 correctly, so the object could be even bigger than their estimates suggest. Sure it was an accident.

      

      

   • 2003 UB313 Orbit
     2003 UB313 has an orbital period of about 560 years, and currently lies at almost its maximum possible distance from the Sun (aphelion), about 97 astronomical units away from the Earth. Like Pluto, its orbit is highly eccentric, and brings it to within 35 AU of the Sun at its perihelion

     
     Unlike the terrestrial planets and gas giants, whose orbits all lie roughly in the same plane as the Earth's, 2003 UB313's orbit is inclined at an angle of about 44 degrees to the ecliptic. The reason it had not been noticed until now is because of its steep orbital inclination: most searches for large outer solar system objects concentrate on the ecliptic plane, in which most solar system material is found.

     
     2003 UB313 albedo must be relatively high (greater than 0.5), making it more Pluto-like than any other Kuiper belt object so far discovered.

      

   • OBJECT BIGGER THAN PLUTO DISCOVERED, CALLED 10TH PLANET
     Brown said 2003 UB 313 appears to be surfaced with methane ice, as is Pluto. That's not the case with other large Kuiper Belt objects,

     
     His best estimate is that it is 2,100 miles wide, about 1-1/2 times the diameter of Pluto.

     
     The object is inclined by a whopping 45 degrees to the main plane of the solar system, where most of the other planets orbit. That's why it eluded discovery: nobody was looking there until now, Brown said.

     
     The team had hoped to analyze the data further before announcing the planet but were forced to do so Friday evening because word had leaked out, Brown said. "Somebody hacked our website," he said, and "they were planning to make [the data] public."

      

      

   • DISTANT WORLD TOPS PLUTO FOR SIZE
     New observations of the object, which goes by the designation 2003 UB313, show it to have a diameter of some 3,000km - about 700km more than Pluto.

      

   • MICHAEL E. BROWN Small Planets

      

   • TENTH PLANET DISCOVERED IN OUTER SOLAR SYSTEM
     Calculations showed it was near the most distant point of its 560-year orbit - in 280 years it will be only 36 times as far from the sun as the Earth is. (A graphic of its orbit can be viewed here.)

     
     Its orbit is unusual in being tilted 44° from the orbital plane of the Earth and most other planets. Brown suspects the planet's orbit was warped by a series of encounters with Neptune. Neptune would tug it back into the ecliptic plane!

      

      

   • KEY EVIDENCE, FROM A CHILDREN'S ENCYCLOPEDIA!
     One of the more amusing pieces of evidence for the existence of Planet X is a picture from the 1987 New Science and Invention Encyclopedia. In a section on space probes, the encyclopedia shows the paths of the 2 Pioneer probes and illustrates how the probes were used in the search for more planets. It shows the Earth, the Sun, a dead star (at 50 billion miles or 538 AU) and a tenth planet (at 4.7 billion miles or 50 AU).

     
     With the discovery of Xena (2003 UB 313) whose orbit varies from 36 to about 97 AU, the image is a reasonable fit to Xena (2003 UB 313) position. This Vulcan web site carries Vulcan at 41, not 50 billion miles
      
     Nearly all binary stars orbit each other in fairly elliptical orbits. Some of these support a 3:2 comet resonance as does our dark star Vulcan. See comment two by our orbit analyst. Here three or four of our nearest ten star systems support such a resonance. Any astronomer skilled in celestial mechanics would be aware of this possibility.

      

     So the existence of a 'dead star' in our solar system implies a nominal 40% chance that the inner planets of our solar system would be subject to bombardment by comet swarms in resonate orbits. However, most of these star systems are close together, so the comets in resonate orbits would be rapidly swept out of these solar systems by a variety of means. However, in our solar system, the 'dead star' draws Kuiper belt bodies into the inner solar system. These bodies crumble rounding the Sun producing comet swarms. These comet swarms would stay around for several million years. Some of these comets would impact Earth causing massive natural catastrophes.

      

     The above illustration clearly associates the 'tenth planet' with the 'dead star' that in turn indicates Earth's vulnerability to natural comet impact catastrophes. This may be why the existence of 2003 UB 313 was kept secret.

      

   • PHOTOCOPIES OF NEWSPAPER ARTICLES
     Reporting the discovery of a Jupiter sized planet (Our Vulcan) 50 billion miles away.

      

   • TIME LINE OF RESEARCH REGARDING THE "SEARCH FOR PLANET X"
     The Sumerian Descriptions of our solar system.

      

   • ABADDON AND RETROGRADE ORBIT
     In 1983 a large planet outside our known solar system was discovered. The Washington Post, The New York Times, and other major news services carried the story. Unlike our known planets that revolve around the sun in a counter clockwise and circular direction, Planet X (as it was labeled) is in a retrograde (clockwise) and longer elliptical orbit about our sun. It is estimated by some that its perigee (closest orbit to the sun) occurs every 5,000 years or so. The effects of its intrusion into our solar system could be cataclysmic to all the planets, including earth.

      

   • POSSIBLY AS LARGE AS JUPITER; MYSTERY HEAVENLY BODY DISCOVERED
     A heavenly body possibly as large as the giant planet Jupiter and possibly so close to Earth that it would be part of this solar system has been found in the direction of the constellation Orion by an orbiting telescope aboard the U.S. infrared astronomical satellite. The 1999 Paper estimates that this object is just a little larger than the size of Jupiter by two methods independent of the IRAS data considered in this Washington Post article. The directionof the object is considered disinformation to mislead other astronomers.

     
     When IRAS scientists first saw the mystery body and calculated that it could be as close as 50 trillion miles, there was some speculation that it might be moving toward Earth. The 1997 Paper estimates that Vulcan passed aphelion around 1970 by a method independent of this data and consistent with this conclusion by the IRAS team.

      

   • NEWS ARCHIVES (IRAS data)
     
     New York Times January 30, 1983
     
     The Washington Post, 31-Dec-1983, (a front page story) ARTICLE: MYSTERY HEAVENLY BODY DISCOVERED
     
     US News World Report PLANET X - IS IT REALLY OUT THERE? Sept 10, 1984

   • PLANET X
     Last year, the infrared astronomical satellite (IRAS), circling in a polar orbit 560 miles from the Earth, detected heat from an object about 50 billion miles away that is now the subject of intense speculation. This is a nice summary of material that found its way into the media circa the mid eighties concerning Planet X. The Vulcan web site suggests that one of the objects found by the IRAS system could be Vulcan (IRAS object 1732+239) and according to Vulcan's orbit analysis it is now near far point, about 41.66 billion miles away.

   • NIBIRU FIRST SPOTED 1981 BY IRAS
     IRAS was not launched until 1982.

   • IS ANYONE EVEN LOOKING? Like the government would want people to know they are in danger from impacts from a passing comet swarm!
     One might expect that the astronomical community would be excited at the prospect of discovering this planet/sub-brown dwarf in the Oort Cloud. On the contrary, this subject lies on the very fringe of astronomy, and my own speculations are still more 'out there' than Murray and Matese!
     
     Planet X is sweeping out the Kuiper Belt - Official!
     
     ""There's something funny going on out there." Marc Buie of the Lowell Observatory in Arizona is talking about a strange feature at the far edge of our solar system beyond Pluto, among the swarm of small worlds called the Kuiper Belt. It's a wild, uncharted place out there, teeming with icy celestial bodies that may give us essential clues to how the planets formed. It may even be a breeding ground for life. But what's intriguing Buie at the moment is the very edge, about 50 times further out from the Sun than the Earth's orbit. Here, at the "Kuiper Cliff", the number of astronomical objects drops off precipitously. Buie won't be drawn too far but, when pressed, he speaks of the possibility that some "massive object" has swept the zone clean of debris..." [Heather Couper and Nigel Henbest (6)]
     
     Brown Dwarf at the Right Distance
     
     Only 12 light years away, the star Epsilon Indi has been found to have a surprise brown dwarf companion, which was spotted by examining various photographic plates to the star's immediate vicinity. The star experienced no tell-tale wobble because the brown dwarf is orbiting at a whooping 1500 Astronomical Units. This is a promising development because I think it likely that the Sun's own smaller and darker companion achieves aphelion between 500 and 2000AU. Given the evidence of Epsilon Indi B, this does not appear to be all that unreasonable.
     Vulcan is half the size of Jupiter and 448 AU away (in 1970).

   • TIGHTENING OUR KUIPER BELT: from the edge of the solar system come hints of a disrupted youth - Out There
     Neptune's orbit, a nearly circular ellipse some three billion miles away from the Sun, traces the Kuiper Belt's inner edge.

   • PLANETS PLAN BOOSTS TALLY TO 12 Charon is currently described as a moon of Pluto, but because of its size some experts consider it a twin planet.

   • DINKY PLUTO LOSES ITS STATUS AS PLANET Pluto and objects like it will be known as "dwarf planets," which raised some thorny questions about semantics: If a raincoat is still a coat, and a cell phone is still a phone, why isn't a dwarf planet still a planet?
     Pluto and UB₃₁₃ are planets of Vulcan, a brown dwarf star

   • CHAOS AND STRIFE BEHIND PLUTO'S DEMISE
     Eris was officially named by the International Astronomical Union on Wednesday. It had previously been known as 2003 UB313. Astronomers last month voted to shrink the solar system to just eight planets and downgrade Pluto to a "dwarf planet". That category also now includes Eris and the asteroid Ceres.
     
     After Pluto lost its planetary status, hundreds of scientists circulated a petition protesting against the decision. In mythology, Eris caused a quarrel among goddesses that led to the Trojan War. Eris' moon has also received a formal name, Dysnomia, the daughter of Eris known as the spirit of lawlessness.
     
     Eris, which measures about 115km wider than Pluto, is the farthest known object in the solar system at 14.5 billion km from the Sun. It is also the third brightest object in the Kuiper belt, a disc of icy debris beyond the orbit of Neptune.

   • COPERNICUS SMILED
     A real revolution is afoot in planetary science. The first shot was fired in 1930, with the discovery of Pluto, but almost no one realized its import. The second and third shots came in the late 1970s, with the discovery of distant objects called Chiron and Charon, but again, few recognized what they would portend. Rapid-fire volleys began in the 1990s, as myriad discoveries of icy bodies 100s to well over 1000 kilometers across occurred in the Kuiper Belt, just beyond Neptune, became an observational reality. But it was only this year, with the recently announced discovery of 2003 UB313-a world larger than Pluto- that we have heard the equivalent of the American Revolution's "shot heard round the world."
     A new theory of planet formation is needed, and here is one.
     The Astro-Metric Concept

   • 17 PLANETS? ASTRONOMERS' HEADS SPINNING
     The discovery of new objects in the icy junkyard called the Kuiper Belt forces science to rethink the definition of a planet. BEYOND THE KUIPER BELT: ASTRONOMERS ANNOUNCE DISCOVERY OF FARTHEST OBJECT ORBITING THE SUN Even at its closest, Sedna comes no nearer to the Sun than 76 astronomical units (AU), each AU equaling the average distance of the Earth from the Sun. In contrast, says Brown, the Kuiper Belt has a well defined outer edge at about 55 AU. Furthermore Sedna's elongated orbit takes it far beyond any known KBO, to a distance of 900 AU from the Sun.

   • GEOCENTRIC EPHEMERIS OF NEW MINOR PLANET SEDNA, 10 DAY STEPS
     z Ephemeris of Sedna, asteroid number 90377.

   • STRANGE NEW OBJECT FOUND AT EDGE OF SOLAR SYSTEM
     A large object has been found beyond Pluto travelling in an orbit tilted by 47 degrees to most other bodies in the solar system. Astronomers are at a loss to explain why the object's orbit is so off-kilter while being almost circular.
     But at 47 degrees, 2004 XR190's orbit is one of the most tilted, or inclined, Kuiper Belt Objects known.
     2004 XR190, however, follows a nearly circular path. And it is too distant to have come into direct contact with Neptune, traveling between 52 and 62 AU from the Sun. Its orbit is also too circular - and too small - to have been tilted by a passing star, says Allen.
     He points out that this object was found when it happened to be passing through the plane of the solar system - where it spends just 2% of its orbit. That suggests many more such objects remain undiscovered, tilted at orbits where most surveys do not search for them.
     He ventures another possible explanation - that the Sun had a twin and that both stars followed circular orbits around each other. "That could excite inclinations without exciting the eccentricities," he says. "However, this idea creates more problems than it solves, by far."

   • SCENARIOS FOR THE ORIGIN OF THE ORBITS OF THE TRANS-NEPTUNIAN OBJECTS 2000 CR105 AND 2003 VB12 (SEDNA)
     - The Astronomical Journal, volume 128 (2004), pages 2564–2576
     In this paper, we explore five seemingly promising mechanisms to explain the origin of the orbits of these peculiar objects: (1) the passage of Neptune through a high-eccentricity phase, (2) the past existence of massive planetary embryos in the Kuiper belt or the scattered disk, (3) the presence of a massive trans-Neptunian disk at early epochs that perturbed highly inclined scattered- disk objects, (4) encounters with other stars that perturbed the orbits of some of the solar system's trans-Neptunian planetesimals, and (5) the capture of extrasolar planetesimals from low-mass stars or brown dwarfs encountering the Sun. Of all these mechanisms, the ones giving the most satisfactory results are those related to the passage of stars (4 and 5).
     Vulcan is just such a low-mass or brown dwarf star, and it is still in orbit about the Sun.

   • DID OUR SUN CAPTURE ALIEN WORLDS?
     Kenyon and Bromley suggest that the near-collision occurred when our Sun was at least 30 million years old, and probably no more than 200 million years old. A fly-by distance of 150-200 A.U. would be close enough to disrupt the outer Kuiper Belt without affecting the inner planets. Vulcan ranges from 135 AU to 448 AU.
     According to the simulations, the passing star's gravity would sweep clear the outer solar system beyond about 50 A.U., even as our Sun's gravity pulled some of the alien planetoids into its grasp. The model explains both the orbit of Sedna and the observed
     sharp outer edge of our Kuiper Belt, where few objects reside beyond 50 A.U.
     Kenyon and Bromley's simulations indicate that thousands or possibly millions of alien Kuiper Belt Objects were stripped from the passing star. However, none have yet been positively identified. Sedna is probably homegrown, not captured. Among the known Kuiper Belt Objects, an icy rock dubbed 2000 CR¹⁰⁵ is the best candidate for capture given its unusually elliptical and highly inclined orbit. But only the detection of objects with orbits inclined more than 40 degrees from the plane of the solar system will clinch the case for the presence of extrasolar planets in our backyard. like 2003 UB313's 44^o orbital inclination.

   • 'MINI SOLAR SYSTEM' DISCOVERED
     Scientists found a tiny brown dwarf, or failed star, less than one hundredth the mass of the sun, surrounded by what appears to be a disk of dust and gas.

   • ALIEN TREASURES IN OUR BACKYARD
     Some objects in our solar system formed around another star
     How did these adopted worlds join our solar family? They arrived through an interstellar trade that took place more than 4 billion years ago when a wayward star brushed past our solar system. According to calculations made by Kenyon and astronomer Benjamin Bromley (University of Utah) and published in the Dec. 2, 2004, Nature, the Sun's gravity plucked asteroid-sized objects from the visiting star. At the same time, the star pulled material from the outer reaches of our solar system into its grasp.

   • STAND BACK CSI, THE ASTRONOMERS OF CFA MAY HAVE SOLVED A MYSTERY OF COSMIC PROPORTIONS.
     The computer models indicate thousands, possibly millions, of alien objects were stripped from the passing star. At this point, none has yet been identified. During the simulations, the Sun captures up to one-third of the star's objects, adding them to the Kuiper Belt. In fact, the models provide a 10 percent chance that Sedna was captured during the flyby. "It's possible that some of the objects in our solar system actually formed around another star," Kenyon says.
     The passing star could have pulled objects like Sedna out of their circular orbits and also spun away millions of KBOs. This would have trimmed the outer edge of the Kuiper Belt to 50 AU from the Sun while leaving some of the passing star's own objects behind. "There may not have been an equal exchange, but there was certainly an exchange," says Bromley.
     Kenyon, Bromley, and fellow astronomers will proceed to search for objects with highly inclined orbits. Because only captured objects have orbits inclined more than 40^o, detection of such objects would confirm the presence of foreign objects in our solar system - like 2003 UB313's 44^o orbital inclination.

   • EARTH'S SOLAR SYSTEM SHAPED BY BRUSH WITH STAR, ASTRONOMERS SAY
     The new computer model shows how young planet-sized objects with circular orbits around the Sun might have been gravitationally slung onto elongated paths, putting them too far away to spot with current technology. Such an interaction might also have caused a sharp cutoff detected at the outer edge of the Kuiper Belt, a region of icy objects beyond Neptune.

   • PLANET X
     Our most powerful detection techniques are capable of detecting Earth-sized planet 70 AU from the Sun, a Jupiter-sized planet up to 120 AU away (neglecting its gravitational effects on the Sun). Of course, the sky is very big and the most powerful telescopes can only look at a very tiny fraction of it at a time. Pluto, for comparison, is around 30 AU away at the moment.
     Vulcan is half the size of Jupiter and 448 AU away (in 1970).

   • ASTRONOMERS FIND MOON OF 10TH PLANET
     By determining the moon's distance and orbit around Xena, scientists can calculate how heavy Xena is. The faster a moon goes around a planet, the more massive a planet is.
     The International Astronomical Union, a group of scientists responsible for naming planets, is deciding on formal names for Xena and Gabrielle.

   • DISCOVERY OF GABRIELLE
     More observations are planned to calculate the orbit of Gabrielle around Xena, which appears to have an orbital period of about 14 days. From the orbital period and semi-major axis (approximately the average distance between Xena and Gabrielle), it is possible to determine the mass of Xena and confirm that it is more massive than Pluto,

   • 2003 UB313, THE 10TH PLANET, HAS A MOON!
     Right now we are not certain how big the moon is, but we can make some guesses based on how much light it reflects. We know that it is about 60 times fainter than the planet, suggesting that it is perhaps 8 times smaller in diameter than the planet. Interestingly, the planet-moon system appears similar to the Earth- Moon system, except reduced in scale by a factor of about 5-10. Xena is about 5 times smaller than the Earth. Gabrielle is about 8 times smaller than the Moon. And the two are separated by a distance that is about 10 times smaller than the Earth-Moon separation. Not a perfect match but awfully close.
     If Xena is 0.01 earth masses, it likely is not the tenth planet (sometimes called Septimus-B; see Table 8A in the ANALYSIS OF THE AKKADIAN SEAL) By comparison, Mercury is 0.045, Venus is 0.82 and Mars is 0.108 and Pluto 0.0025 earth mass.

   • NEW "PLANET" IS LARGER THAN PLUTO
     Claims that the Solar System has a tenth planet are bolstered by the finding by a group lead by Bonn astrophysicists that this alleged planet, announced last summer and tentatively named 2003 UB313, is bigger than Pluto. By measuring its thermal emission, the scientists were able to determine a diameter of about 3000 km, which makes it 700 km larger than Pluto and thereby marks it as the largest solar system object found since the discovery of Neptune in 1846 (Nature, 2 February 2006).

   • FAREWELL PLUTO?
     The discovery of a new planet in our Solar System could have an unintended consequence - the elimination of Pluto in the list of planets everyone has in their heads. Is it time to wave this distant, dark piece of rock farewell?
     Pluto is a planet spawned by Vulcan, so it is different than the first eight that were spawned by the Sun.

   • REVIEW OF SOLAR SYSTEM MAY LEAVE PLUTO OUT IN THE COLD
     Along with Xena, the nickname for an object known officially as 2003 UB313, bodies called Sedna and Quaoar (pronounced kwa-whar) have been identified at the edge of the solar system. Although both are smaller than the smallest official planet, many astronomers believe that these all belong to a similar category of overgrown, icy asteroids in the Kuiper Belt beyond Neptune.
     it would be better to call Pluto, Xena and Sedna "ice dwarfs" than "trans- Neptunian planets" because it is more descriptive.

   • COMMENT ONE BY OUR ORBIT ANALYST
     Hazardous comets must have a perihelion inside the Earth's orbit. The comets and Vulcan, in our studies, have roughly the same aphelion distance from the Sun. The comets have a 3 (comet's orbit period):2 (Vulcan's orbit period) ratio with Vulcan. As pointed out elsewhere Pluto and Neptune have approximately a 2 (Pluto's period):3(Neptune's period) ratio but the geometry is very different in that case.
     
     Orbit period is determined by semi-major axis. We could have different orbit eccentricities. Our current best Vulcan orbit has a period of about 5000 years (note: the impact data is pushing our 4969 +30/-23 years Vulcan period upward toward the 5000 years value). The orbit's eccentricity gives us aphelion of about 450 AU. Different Vulcan orbit eccentricities can produce hazardous comets in a 2:3 orbit period ratio as will be shown latter. Our current best orbit has an eccentricity of about 0.537. The 2:3 resonance is obtained for comet orbits where the encounters occur at points before and after Vulcan aphelion.
     
     Our orbit analysis is sound. We solved the problem as a deterministic case. We did not have redundant data. Granted, Vulcan's orbit is based on a simple two body model. We have Quinn's long term Solar system data that allowed us to do reasonable DOM (Dawn Of Mankind) calculations, and we have taken into account parallax. The nature of the geometry was such that an initial orbit could be obtained without considering parallax. Then the results were refined. The data provided clearly shows that the orbital solutions agree with the assumed input data:

     1. Time, RA and DC of the Buddha point as observed from Earth.

     2. Time, RA and DC of the Christ point

     3. Time, RA and DC of the IRAS point

     4. Time of Vulcan aphelion passage

     Our earlier work was based on a fixed obliquity of the ecliptic and assumed a constant precession of the equinoxes. The eccentricity and semi-major axis of the Earth's orbit were assumed to remain constant.
     
     The use of Quinn's data for later work and the incorporation of parallax corrections resulted in minor changes to the Vulcan orbit parameters for the given set of input data. Quinn's data allowed us to make projections going back more than 50000 years which should be accurate to within a day! All of the Earth's orbit parameters are assumed to change with the exception of semi-major axis. Quinn's data shows that semi-major axis, and hence anomalistic period, vary insignificantly over our time frame of interest. Quinn's data remains constant to about 8 or 9 significant figures.
     
     Of course, we cannot really use Julian Day Number 50000 years back in time. The Earth's spin rate does wander somewhat and this leads to small errors in dating which we ignore. Referencing to the Equinox for any year is as good as Quinn's data. Quinn's data has allowed us to perform all of the necessary coordinate transformations needed to reference our results properly.
     
     A cursory comparison with Naval Observatory data for the B1950 and J2000 systems shows good agreement at this time. The reason we looked for other data was that the Naval Observatory data, while very good near term does not provide adequate formulas for propagating backwards in time. I am not aware that anyone else in the World, not even Quinn, has used his data in a way to produce the kind of accurate reference system we have produced. I am really proud of that achievement. It is the one piece of our work that has general applicability.
     
     The comet orbits were derived from a planar three body simulation which was intended to show the essence of the problem without getting into prohibitively long calculations. The results show that approximately constant geometry can be maintained for over 20,000 years. That is over six comet orbit periods. The close encounter with Vulcan occurs every third comet period. A number of patterns are possible. one group has two short periods followed by a long one and the other group has two long periods followed by a short one. The sum of the three periods is exactly equal to two Vulcan orbit periods.
     
     The comet swarms are the concern for Earth (not Vulcan itself). Major past strike events have been demonstrated to correlate well with certain comet perihelion passages.

     COMMENT TWO BY OUR ORBIT ANALYST
     The data we present here is from a simple analytical model for which comet eccentricity is assumed to be 0.9985 and Vulcan eccentricity values are obtained from the solutions of a quadratic equation. This model yields an offset angle of 6.68^o for our current best Vulcan orbit. Our comet studies were done without the benefit of this analysis and employed an initial offset of 8^o.
     
     Only certain eccentricities will support a 3 (comet period):2 (Vulcan period) resonance orbit. The following eccentricities are calculated from a simple model for various values of the offset angle. The mass of Vulcan is not used in this model. The functional values simplify into a standard quadratic equation:

     • e² + 1.525141 times e times cos(theta) + .525141 = 0.

     The offset angle we quote is the angle in a plane subtended by the lines from the Sun to Vulcan aphelion and the line from the Sun to the comet aphelion. The maximum offset angle is found to be 18.140858^o. For greater values, the eccentricity values are found to be either complex or negative. Th following table lists the non complex positive values

      

     THETA (Angle Offset From Vulcan's Aphelion) Vs. ECCENTRICITY SWARMS

     Comet eccentricity employed in this simple mode; e = .9985.
     Baseline: Vulcan orbit data; a = 291.192165 AU; P = 4969.006049 years
     Baseline: Vulcan eccentricity; e_Vulcan = .537147.

     Offset Angle	Low Eccentricity	High Eccentricity
     0.00	.525141	1.000000
     +/- 5.00	.531732	.987605
     +/- 6.00	.534744	.982042
     +/- 6.68	.537158	.977630
     +/- 7.00	.538401	.975370
     +/- 8.00	.542760	.967538
     +/-10.00	.553912	.948060
     +/-15.00	.604607	.868567
     +/-18.00	.696214	.754281
     +/-18.14	.724666	.724666

      

     Applying these simple constraints to ten near-by double (or multiple) star systems yields the following observations for the smaller (or B) star generating a similar comet orbit resonance.

      

     STAR SYSTEMS THAT CAN SUPPORT A 3:2 COMET RESONANTE ORBIT

     *The Nommos from Sirius are believed to have helped mankind survive Noah's Flood.

     Star System	Eccentricity	Resonance Supported	Possible Sentient Life
     Alpha Centuri	0.52	Maybe	Likely
     Sirius	0.58	Yes	Likely*
     UV Ceti	0.06	No	Not Likely
     Procyon	0.65	Yes	Not Likely
     61 Cygni	0.4	No	Likely
     Sigma 2398	0.55	Yes	Not Likely
     Grb 34	0.25	No	Not Likely
     Kruger 60	0.42	No	Not Likely
     Wolf 424	0.28	No	Not Likely
     26 Draconis	0.19	No	Maybe Once

      

   • SPACE PROBE - A link between the IRAS data, the Pioneer probes and Vulcan (Nemesis 50 billion miles distant)
     The diagram on the right appeared in the 1987 edition of the "New Science and Invention Encyclopedia", published by H.S. Stuttman, Westport, Connecticut, USA.
     The article was discussing the purpose of the Pioneer 10 & 11 space probes. Clearly shown is "Nemesis", a popular name for our sun's binary companion, a dead star. (Binary solar systems are apparently the rule in our galaxy, not the exception.)
     Now, will someone please explain why this diagram clearly shows the approximate location of Planet X (a.k.a. the 10th or 12th Planet)? Planet X is presented as a matter of fact in this respected encyclopedia.
     Some have suggested the paths of Pioneers 10 & 11 were chosen as to get a triangulated fix on Planet X, a suggestion this chart would support.
     The "dead star" 50 billion miles distant is clearly this site's Vulcan and "Tenth Planet" at 4.7 billion miles is consistent with the new 'tenth planet Xena; AKA 2003 UB 313.

   • GRAVITY MAY LOSE ITS PULL
     It was in 1980 that John Anderson first wondered if something funny was going on with gravity. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory physicist was looking over data from two Pioneer spacecraft that had been speeding through the solar system for nearly a decade.

   • PROBLEMS AT THE RIM OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM Neptune is an undisciplined member of the solar system. No one has been able to predict its future course accurately. Already this maverick planet is drifting off the orbit predicted just 10 years ago using the best data and solar-system models. All of the outer planets, in fact, confound predictions to some degree. In addition, some long-period comets have anomalous orbits.

   • SEARCH FOR A STANDARD EXPLANATION OF THE PIONEER ANOMALY
     John D. Anderson, Eunice L. Lau And Slava G. Turyshev
     Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
     The data from Pioneer 10 and 11 shows an anomalous, constant, Doppler frequency drift that can be interpreted as an acceleration directed towards the Sun of aP = (8.74 ± 1.33) × 10-8 cm/s2. Although one can consider a new physical origin for the anomaly, one must first investigate the contributions of the prime candidates, which are systematics generated on board. Here we expand upon previous analyses of thermal systematics. We demonstrate that thermal models put forth so far are not supported by the analyzed data. Possible ways to further investigate the nature of the anomaly are proposed.

   • MORE ON "THE MASSIVE SOLAR COMPANION" Something big out there beyond Neptune perturbs the orbits of the sun's outer fringe of planets. In addition, there are unexplained perturbations in the orbits of earth satellites, peculiar periodicities in the sunspot cycle, and equally puzzling regularities in earthquake frequency. These anomalies might all be explained by the existence of a large, dark planet with several moons

   • VOYAGER ENTERS SOLAR SYSTEM'S FINAL FRONTIER - 93.5 AU away.

   • WHAT CAUSES THE SUNSPOT CYCLE? John P. Bagby has now introduced a new piece to the puzzle of solar-system cyclic behavior. While searching for possible perturbations of the planets due to a tenth major planet or a dark massive solar companion (MSC), he discovered that the perihelia of the outer planets (orbital points closest to the sun) were being disturbed with an average period of 11.2 years. This is almost exactly the sunspot period of about 11 years ( or half the period of solar magnetic field reversals of about 22 years). He suggests two possibilities:
     (1) Mutual resonance effects between the planets
     (2) The effects of a massive solar companion.
     PLANET ORBITAL SPACING estimates that two planets may yet be orbiting Vulcan, one at 0.7 AU and the other at 0.34 AU. The former is analogous to the Sun's Venus, and the latter (if it still exists) is Vulcan's equivalent to the Sun's Mercury. If an Earth equivalent formed, it would be at 0.3 X 2^1.5 = 0.85 AU. The periods would be given by (r³/M_Vulcan)^1/2 and be 18.5 years, 6.2 years and 24.7 years respectively. The first and last theoretical value are close to the Sun's magnet field reversal period.

   • UNIDENTIFIED IRAS SOURCES: ULTRAHIGH-LUMINOSITY GALAXIES
     or UNIDENTIFIED IRAS SOURCES: ULTRAHIGH-LUMINOSITY GALAXIES - March 1, 1985
     Six IRAS sources previously exhibiting possible parallax, are believed to be associated with galaxies highly radiant in the infrared. These include object 1732+239 that may be a possible image of Vulcan. This object was not used to calculate the probability of Vulcan's existence in a nominal 5000-year orbit, but was used to refine its estimated orbital parameters.

   • THE IRAS INCIDENT
     So IRAS did not see Nibiru, Planet X, or anything of the sort, despite the claims of the doomcriers. Of course, they now claim that NASA is clamping down on the press for Planet X.
     Well, Los Alamos is sure suppressing the Noah's Ark find.

   • NO TENTH PLANET YET FROM IRAS

   • A REAL DEATH STAR Ignatius Donnelly was pretty convincing on the comet impact scenario a century ago.

   • ASTRO- METRICS OF UNDISCOVERED PLANETS AND INTELLIGENT LIFE FORMS This work contains some of the planet formation theory useful for understand the INTRODUCT ION - A NEW PLANET FORMATION THEORY section of the 1997 Paper

   • PLANET X/12TH PLANET COVER-UP Is it because of an impending catastrophe?

   • CLYPEOLOGY A report is being circulated that the undiscovered planet Nibiru (Vulcan?) and has been photographed by an infrared sat-system called "Siloe" in 1999 (see photograph). It (or its related comet swarm) is approaching (the inner solar system?) again. See The Akkadian Seal

   • WHAT IS PLANET X Planet X is a hypothetical 10th planet of our solar system. There is conjecture that another Solar body exists, and furthermore that this solar body is affecting our biosphere and all planetary bodies This is sometimes referred to as Vulcan or the death star.

   • 10th PLANET: Real or Not

   • SEARCH GOOGLE CACHED FOR THE PHRASE:
     Why a ~10 Mj Nibiru CANNOT exist out at 234-241 AU COMMENTS: (by rajasun) (This work is critical of a Vulcan or Nibiru like brown dwarf) – The calculations were left out of this snippet but may be in Google Cached memory.
     In the light of the above FINDINGS, it appears highly UNLIKELY that a Brown Dwarf can exist be it at the Predicted Distance of Andy's OR that of Sitchin's (i.e.Andy's Nibiru, P = 3756 Yrs, Semi Major Axis (a) = 241.62974 AU Sitchin's Nibiru, Period (P) = 3600 Yrs, Semi Major Axis (a) = 234.8920572 AU).
     The BEST MATCH between MASS of Object and a Period of 3756 Yrs is that of a BODY with a size in between that of Pluto and the Moon and NOT that of a Brown Dwarf. As for Sitchin's Object, it has a MASS befitting the classification of a "sub- Brown Dwarf" i.e. a MASS of 10.48292334 Mj. The Deuterium Fusion threshold i.e. the demarcation cut-off LIMIT separating Brown Dwarfs from Super MASSIVE Jupiters is at around 13 Mj. An Object with a MASS above 10 Mj can be considered a Transition Object somewhat akin to an Object of MASS >0.07 Msun <0.075 Msun i.e. a "Transition Object". Vulcan's mass is about 0.5Mj, but we still consider it 'stellar' in nature.
     
     The PROBLEM for Sitchin however, is one of Apparent Visual Magnitude of such an object i.e. a 10.48292334 Mj Nibiru at 234.8920572 AU will be 17.57573 and EVEN at its VERY FURTHEST i.e. at Aphelion it would be a RELATIVELY "BRIGHT" 24.25454. For Your Information, the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) has seen objects down to around magnitude 29 - 30. So 24.25454 is well WITHIN the observational limits of HST by SEVERAL orders.
     
     This problem i.e. Apparent Visual Magnitude of Nibiru can LIKEWISE be applicable in Andy's instance. For at 241.62974 AU out, the Apparent Visual Magnitude of a Jupiter-like Brown Dwarf will ONLY be at 17.7700885 and Andy's Nibiru at Aphelion (i.e. 480.2584386 AU) is BUT a MERE 24.6536088! We estimate Vulcan magnitude to be about 21, similar to many of the IRAS objects investigated.
     
     Apparent Visual Magnitude aside, there is also this OTHER challenge posed by an object with a MASS ~10 - 10.48 Mj (i.e. APPLICABLE to BOTH Andy's and Sitchin's Nibiru), go through EACH step of the following Calculation on this Object's Gravity:
     
     GIVEN a Surface Gravity ALMOST that of the Sun's a 10 - 10.48292334 Mj Object at a MAXIMUM distance of a MERE 470 - 480 AU removed, SHOUlDN'T this planet's gravity be TOO SIGNIFICANT to have avoided detection till now? Vulcan is half the mass of Jupiter. It does have a small affect on some of the distant Kuiper belt objects.
     
     For the reasons ABOVE, I thus have SERIOUS DOUBTS as to how such an Object could have eluded the astronomical/astrophysical community till now. Before one goes illogical and start some talk of conspiracy theory of a "cover-up" by government/s, OPEN your minds and think REAL OBJECTIVELY, EVEN IF government/s had tried to "cover-up" such a "discovery", wouldn't one of the tens/hundreds of PRIVATELY funded observatories NOT have picked the Object up by now? An all night exposure by a telescope the size of the 120 inch Lick Observatory's is required so most telescopes cannot see Vulcan. However, it were discovered, any astronomer skilled in Celestial Mechanics would quickly realize the possibilities of Earth threatening comets swarms in 3:2 resonate orbits with Vulcan.
     
     Do NOT get me wrong, I'm NOT saying there is NO Nibiru, what I'm saying though is this: the region of space in between 200 - 500 AU is JUST Way TOO "NEAR". An Object that CLOSE in and that LARGE i.e. ~1 - 10 Mj in size would have measurable IR fluxes so PRONOUNCED, it SHOULD have been identified perhaps even as early on as the EARLY 1980s. We Agree!
     
     Personally, I think at Andy's distance i.e. 241.62974 - 480.2584386 AU, we MAY in the next five years or so find a Planet X of sort albeit an intermediate sized Object in between Pluto and the Moon. Such a NEAR-Moon sized Object MAY be what Gladman and co. are searching for i.e. the Perturber of SuperComet CR105. This Moon sized Nibiru is REMARKABLY positioned to exercise JUST that kind of INFLUENCE to throw CR 105 into the INCLINED and ECCENTRIC orbit it has.## ## Ref: www.academicpress.com/ins...graphb.htm ## Ref: www.obs-nice.fr/gladman/cr105.html
     
     There MAY yet be other Plutos, Moon EVEN Mars sized objects still awaiting us in what is an area of space, the community calls the Scattered Disk. BUT for LARGER i.e. >=Uranus objects, one MAY have to look FURTHER out i.e. > 560 AU i.e. somewhere in the vicinity of IRAS object 1732+239 and beyond. We think it is or is near IRAS object 1732+239!
     
     Something in addition, the various accounts of the "MISSING MASS" in the Kuiper Belt and the Scattered Disk kept staring at me in the face i.e. some MAJOR event/s caused a SUDDEN and DRAMATIC truncation in NOT ONLY the Classical Kuiper Belt BUT swept out quite a LOT of MASS here. These MAJOR events MAY still occur i.e. hinting at a REMOTE Brown Dwarf Solar Companion with a HIGHLY elliptical and eccentric orbit (inferring from the wayward orbital inclinations and eccentricities of the Plutinos##). I suspect that in the coming years, we will find MORE "belts", "disks" and "gaps", the Latter MAY very well point to the "undue" influence and PRESENCE of LARGE as YET "UNDISCOVERED" bodies FAR out as we venture DEEPER BEYOND the orbit of Pluto. Vulcan did it!
     
     CONCLUSION:
     A 1 Mj let alone a ~10 Mj "sub-Brown Dwarf" with a Semi Major Axis at between 234 - 241 AU and a MAXIMUM distance of 480 AU is UNLIKELY because of:
     1.) INCONGRUENT fit between Period (P) and suggested MASSES of Object (m) i.e. P = Orbital period = 365.256898326 * a**1.5/sqrt(1+m) days where m = the mass of the companion in solar masses
     
     2.) The Apparent Visual Magnitude of an Object EVEN at a MAXIMUM distance of 480 AU out is a "BRIGHT" 24.25454 i.e. some 6 Magnitudes BRIGHTER than the DIMMEST Objects Hubble Space Telescope has observed. Why do you think the Hubble was launched? Just for the sake of good astronomy?,
     
     3.) The Absence of necessarily PRONOUNCED and CONTINUING GRAVITATIONAL perturbation effect almost 3/4 that of the Sun's (i.e. Surface Gravity of Nibiru with MASSES in between 10 Mj - 10.48292334 Mj 218.772783287613297535850910865252 N - 229.243589170234991621082822269554 N) on Objects in the INNER Scattered Disk.
     
     Thanks to the above critic, it appears that IRAS object 1732+239 is likely Vulcan.

   • TIME LINE OF RESEARCH REGARDING THE "SEARCH FOR PLANET X"

   • GROTE PLANETOIDE

   • MARDUK/NIBIRU?
     One year later in 1983 the newly launched IRAS (Infrared Astronomical Satellite) quickly found Planet X (the 10th). There have been attempts to cover-up this event and rewrite history.
     
     Discovering Archaeology, July/August 1999,Page 70 shows a medieval picture with a large comet looking object as big as the sun streaking across the sky horizontally with a giant tail. Below is a town that is shaking apart with hysterical people in the streets. Its elliptical orbit takes it around two suns. The other sun it orbits is our suns dark twin. Nibiru's inbound approach is being closely monitored by our best telescopic equipment on and off earth. This is one of many reasons the orbiting Hubble telescope live feed is hidden from our view. The most accurate calculation for Planet X's next passage is now late May or June 2003. The Vulcan web site contends that the next approach of the comet (swarm) could be between 2006 and 2016. However, computations support a window of return to be within the next 110 - 150 years. Comet orbits are somewhat unpredictable as they outgas.

   • AN INTERESTING HYPOTHESIS The "Annunaki" (GODS as described by the Sumerians) had "Android Beings" helping them.
     The Sumerians describe Planet X as being very far from Earth at times, (roughly 30,000,000,000 = 323 AU) miles away at it's farthest point from us in orbit. Vulcan's aphelion (farthest point) is estimated to be at 454 AU by this web site.

   • A COMET'S ODD ORBIT HINTS AT HIDDEN PLANET 10 April 2001
     Far beyond the solar system's nine known planets, a body as massive as Mars may once have been part of our planetary system—and it might still be there. Although the proposed planet would lie too far away to be seen from Earth, its gravitational tug could account for the oddball orbit of a large comet spotted in the outer solar system a year ago.
     If the proposed planet is as massive as Mars, it would have to lie some 200 AU from the sun—about 7 times Neptune's distance—Holman calculates. Were it closer, observers would have spotted it.
     "Undoubtedly, something [massive] knocked the hell out of the belt," says Harold F. Levison of the Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, Colo. "The question is whether it's there now."
     Vulcan is far larger than Mars, but it is also farther away. Its average distance is about 290 AU away although now its elliptical orbit has carried it about 448 AU away.

   • AUTHOR BRINGS THEORY ABOUT A 'LOST' STAR
     Cruttenden argues that the precession is not caused by a wobble in the Earth's rotation, as is commonly taught, but may actually be caused by a companion star to our sun, one which currently is far away from the Earth but which would eventually rotate closer to the sun.
     This binary companion would cause the sun's orbit to curve, and would explain the Precession of the Equinox by the way in which the Earth's rotation was affected by not one, but two stars.
     In addition to this hypothesis, Cruttenden also compares the 24,000-year cycle of precession with ancient beliefs from many cultures regarding the cyclical pattern of existence, which begins and ends with a Golden Age.

   • PLAN VIEW OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM

   • SCATTERED DISK OBJECTS
     2003 UB313
     2002 TC302
     1996 TL66
     2000 CR105? (transitional object between the real Kuiper belt and the hypothetical Oort Cloud)

   • TRANS-NEPTUNIAN OBJECTS INFORMATION

   • SPACE PROBES FEEL COSMIC TUG OF BIZARRE FORCES - September 12, 2004
     Something strange is tugging at America's oldest spacecraft. As the Pioneer 10 and 11 probes head towards distant stars, scientists have discovered that the craft - launched more than 30 years ago - appear to be in the grip of a mysterious force that is holding them back as they sweep out of the solar system.

   • OLD SPACECRAFT MAKES SURPRISE DISCOVERY 29 September 1999
     Scientists have discovered a new object orbiting the Sun after a spaceprobe was mysteriously knocked off course. Earlier this year, scientists were puzzled by what was described as a mysterious force acting on the probe. It led to speculation that there was something wrong in our understanding of the force of gravity. Eventually the effect was tracked down to the probe itself, which was unexpectedly pushing itself in one particular direction May be just data processing errors, but not sure?

   • MYSTERY FORCE TUGS DISTANT PROBES
     The puzzle is that Pioneer 10 is slowing more quickly than it should.
     It was initially suggested that this might be due to the force from a tiny gas leak or that it was being pulled off course by the gravity of an unseen Solar System object.
     The mystery deepened further when an analysis of the trajectory being followed by its sister spacecraft, Pioneer 11, launched in 1973, showed that it too was being subjected to the same mysterious effect.
     But Pioneer 11 is on the opposite side of the Solar System from Pioneer 10, about 22 billion km (about 14 billion miles) away. This means the effect cannot be the gravitational effect of some unseen body.
     But others have dismissed this as being too fanciful, arguing that if the Pioneer anomaly was really indicative of a change in our understanding of gravity, then it would be apparent in the orbits of the planets around the Sun - which it is not.

   • MYSTERIOUS FORCE PULLS BACK NASA PROBE IN DEEP SPACE Dr Duncan Steel, a space scientist at Salford University, says even such a weak force could have huge effects on a cosmic scale. "It might alter the number of comets that come towards us over millions of years, which would have consequences for life on Earth. It also raises the question of whether we know enough about the law of gravity."

   • THE PROBLEM WITH GRAVITY: NEW MISSION WOULD PROBE STRANGE PUZZLE
     Which leaves open staggering possibilities that would force wholesale reprinting of all physics books:

     • Invisible dark matter is tugging at the probes

     • Other dimensions create small forces we don't understand

     • Gravity works differently than we think

     Data from the Galileo and Ulysses spacecraft suggest the anomaly may have affected them, too. But neither has been far enough from the Sun -- the dominant source of gravity in the solar system -- to firmly distinguish any possible discrepancy from noise in the data, Turyshev says. Galileo was crashed into Jupiter last year, and Ulysses will never go farther than it has. LI> THREE SPACECRAFT REVEAL UNEXPLAINED MOTION
     LOS ALAMOS, N.M., Sept. 24, 1998 -- A team of planetary scientists and physicists has identified a tiny, unexplained sunward acceleration in the motions of the Pioneer 10, Pioneer 11 and Ulysses spacecraft.
     Pioneer 10 was officially tracked until March 1997, when it was some six billion miles away from the sun. (Pioneer 10 is still transmitting, and occasional additional radio Doppler data is provided to the research team.)
     Pioneer 11, due to a radio failure, last sent useful radio Doppler transmissions in October 1990, when it was less than three billion miles from the sun. Ulysses has been tracked on its looping flight out of the ecliptic and around the sun's poles. Trusty and reliable

   • THREE SPACECRAFT REVEAL UNEXPLAINED MOTION
     LOS ALAMOS, N.M., September 24, 1998 -- A team of planetary scientists and physicists has identified a tiny, unexplained sunward acceleration in the motions of the Pioneer 10, Pioneer 11 and Ulysses spacecraft.

   • THE UNFINISHED QUEST TO SOLVE THE PIONEER ANOMALY
     It began with the search for Planet X. By 1979, Pioneer 10 had accomplished its original mission to become the first Earth-born spacecraft to explore Jupiter and was on its way out of our solar system, flying toward the star Aldebaran - a destination it should reach some two million years from now.
     On its way out, Pioneer 10 became a useful partner in an experiment of celestial mechanics. By closely monitoring its trajectory, scientists might detect an unexpected gravitational tug that could betray the existence of the long- hypothesized Planet X. Based largely on unexplained motions in the orbits of Uranus and Neptune, several 20th-century astronomers had suggested the existence of an undiscovered world at the edge of our solar system.
     John D. Anderson, a veteran JPL scientist, took on the task of studying the Pioneer 10 and 11 radio signal data for any sign of Planet X. His search had come up empty. For this reason, among others, John and his team at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory became convinced that the chance of discovering a 10th planet was slim, as they reported in the May/June 1999 issue of The Planetary Report. But in early 1980, John and his team began to see signs of something else-something quite unexpected. While searching for Planet X, we noticed that the tracking data did not quite fit with the existing solar system model. They showed an anomalous acceleration-in this case, an acceleration backward. It did not match any expected Planet X force, and we couldn't immediately explain it. When theoretical models do not fit experimental data, standard scientific practice is to find a reason for the mismatch. Therefore, we embarked on a program to study the anomalous acceleration

   • PLANET X AND THE POLE SHIFT A look at the Science behind mostly the proposed 2003 passage of) Planet X

   • PLANET X AND THE POLE SHIFT – LINKS

   • PLANET X
     A 'dark companion' could produce the unseen force that seems to tug at Uranus and Neptune, speeding them up at one point in their orbits and holding them back as they pass. …the best bet is a dark star orbiting at least 50 billion miles beyond Pluto… It is most likely either a brown dwarf, or a neutron star. Others suggest it is a tenth planet… since a companion star would tug at the other planets, not just Uranus and Neptune."

   • AREN'T THE OUTER PLANETS BEING "PERTURBED"?
     In 1992, Dr. Myles Standish used the updated mass in his calculations and determined the perturbations actually didn't exist. The recorded observations matched the predicted orbits when the correct values of mass were put into the equations.

   • PLANET X
     Dr. Standish's calculations were the first to use an extremely accurate measurement of Neptune's mass made by Voyager 2 in 1989. His results were published in The Astronomical Journal in May of 1993.

   • VOYAGER PROBES IN FUNDING CRISIS
     Nasa's twin Voyager probes may have to close down in October to save money, the US space agency has said. Turn it off quick before any more of those gravitational anomalies are found.

   • SUN HAS BINARY PARTNER, MAY AFFECT THE EARTH
     The ground-breaking and richly illustrated new book, Lost Star of Myth and Time, marries modern astronomical theory with ancient star lore to make a compelling case for the profound influence on our planet of a companion star to the sun. Author and theorist, Walter Cruttenden, presents the evidence that this binary orbit relationship may be the cause of a vast cycle causing the Dark and Golden Ages common in the lore of ancient cultures.
     This movement of the solar system occurs because the Sun has a companion star; both stars orbit a common center of gravity, as is typical of most double star systems. The grand cycle–the time it takes to complete one orbit––is called a "Great Year," a term coined by Plato.
     Cruttenden explains the affect on earth with an analogy: "Just as the spinning motion of the earth causes the cycle of day and night, and just as the orbital motion of the earth around the sun causes the cycle of the seasons, so too does the binary motion cause a cycle of rising and falling ages over long periods of time, due to increasing and decreasing electromagnet effects generated by our sun and other nearby stars."

   • STAR SYSTEMS HINT AT POSSIBILITY OF SUN'S NEMESIS
     The stars are about 60 light-years away, and the shape of their disks have astronomers pondering the long-debated possibility that our own Sun might have an as-yet unfound companion dubbed Nemesis.
     "Kalas and Graham speculate that stars also having sharp outer edges to their debris disks have a companion—a star or brown dwarf—that keeps the disk from spreading outward, similar to how Saturn's moons shape the edges of some of the planet's rings. "The story of how you make a ring around a planet could be the same as the story of making rings around a star," Kalas said. Perhaps a passing star ripped off the edges of the original planetary disk, but a star-sized companion, remaining in place, would be necessary to keep the remaining disk material from spreading outward, he figures. The scenario has Kalas and his colleagues thinking that the Sun might also have a companion that keeps the Kuiper Belt confined within a sharp boundary. U.C. Berkeley physics professor Richard Muller has proposed such a star, which he calls Nemesis, but no evidence has been found for one".

   • NEMESIS: THE MILLION DOLLAR QUESTION
     Like a thorn in the side of mainstream researchers, Muller's Nemesis theory -- that our Sun has a companion star responsible for recurring episodes of wholesale death and destruction here on Earth - seems to reemerge periodically like microbes after a mass extinction.

   • TWO NEW DUSTY PLANETARY DISKS MAY BE ASTROPHYSICAL MIRRORS OF OUR KUIPER BELT
     Kalas and Graham speculate that stars also having sharp outer edges to their debris disks have a companion - a star or brown dwarf, perhaps - that keeps the disk from spreading outward, similar to the way that Saturn's moons shape the edges of many of the planet's rings.
     If true, that would mean that the sun also has a companion keeping the Kuiper Belt confined within a sharp boundary. Though a companion star has been proposed before - most recently by UC Berkeley physics professor Richard Muller, who dubbed the companion Nemesis - no evidence has been found for such a companion.

   • CALCULATIONS
     Probably the companion star lies within the invariable plane (the angular momentum plane of the solar system) inclined to the ecliptic by 1.5 degrees. We believe our binary counterpart may lay between 848.5 AU and 1515 AU depending on its mass (0.06 and 6 solar mass).

   • LOCATION
     We are predicting that our binary companion will be found in an elliptical patch centered around 17hr 45 minutes and declination –22 degrees.
     The possible Vulcan related IRAS point is at 17 hr. 32 minutes 51.4 seconds, Declination 23 degrees 56 minutes 3 seconds.

   • LOST STAR OF MYTH AND TIME A Book
     Lost Star of Myth and Time examines this new theory of precession and the possibility our Earth may be subjected to a greater variety of stellar influences than heretofore imagined

   • VULCAN AKA THE GREAT RED DRAGON AKA PLANET X
     

   • ENVIRONMENTAL RECORD
     Is There a New Mega-Massive Planet in the Outer Reaches of the Solar System?
     When I used Bode's 240-year-old formula to calculate the Bode hypothetical distance from the sun to a possible planet located beyond Pluto, the Bode distance turned out to be 77.2AU, which is 7.2 billion miles and roughly near the center of the large void. A huge ultra-massive planet that has been orbiting there for millions or billions of years certainly could have gravitationally attracted all the KBOs that are missing from the enormous void.

   • I NEED A SCIENTIST TO EVALUATE THIS WEBSITE
     "[1] It is a dark star and hasn't been recognized (I believe he claims on his website that it was seen in the IRAS in 1983)."
     It is either that IRAS object or within the specified number of degrees in RA and Dec. of it.
     "[2] He has worked out orbital elements (available on the website, complete with RA and Dec.)"
     The most recent estimations for Vulcan's mass, orbit elements and location are found in the Synopsis section, Earth's Bleak Future. The orbit elements have changed slightly since the first (1997) paper was put on the web.
     "[3] It is 141-165 Earth masses and a magnitude 22 object." At different points in the "papers" that appear on his website, Warmkessel cites different figures for Vulcan's mass.
     Just like Pluto's mass, Vulcan's mass has decreased precipitously based on new data. The most reliable Estimates for Vulcan's mass come from Crop Circle T367 and the Akkadian seal and have remained within a factor of two or less since the 1999 Paper. The mass based on Akkadian Seal's value is favored because slight variances in the comet swarm pass times (based on geo-climatological data) seems to more accurately reflect Vulcan's mass's influence on the comet swarms return periods when they are far from the Sun.
     "[4] Geoclimatological data (ie, dendrochronology and Greenland ice cores) show prior comet strikes, (which is probably true anyway, but is it relevant to his particular claims?)."
     Geo-climatological data offers a way to validate Vulcan's theoretical orbit (which has been deduced in a non standard way). Vulcan causes predicted comet swarms to occur in 3:2 resonate orbits. So once Vulcan's orbital period is specified, the period of the comet swarms can be deduced. When the comet swarms pass, one or more often impact Earth (or explode in its atmosphere). These usually cause weather changes. By examining the historical geo-climatological data, Vulcan's mass, orbital period and eccentricity can be verified.
     "[5] It has a period of 4969 years which he states are corroborated by calculations done by astronomer George Forbes in 1880."
     Forbe's predicted two planets (not comets) in solar orbit by using comet aphelion data computed from observed comets. One set of orbital parameters he found is very similar to Vulcan's.
     I can only surmise that Vulcan is his idea of some sort of periodic cometary perturber, hasn't this idea been pretty much laid to rest?
     This is a pretty fair assessment of Vulcan. Matese et. al. employed a similar technique to postulate the existence of Nemesis (Icarus; 19 May 1999).
     (6) A 'scientist known' as 'leaping lizard' searched hard to find any reference to our Orbit Analyst However but failed. However they ignored the 30-60 Google references to the astronomical research works published by our Astronomical Support individual.

      

2. RELATING TO OTHER NEW SOLAR PLANETS

   • NEMESIS: DOES THE SUN HAVE A 'COMPANION'?

   • NEMESIS: DOES THE SUN HAVE A 'COMPANION'?
     Note references to two Vulcan web pages.

   • PLANET X AND THE POLE SHIFT
     A look at the Science behind Planet X

   • THE LOCATION OF PLANET X - by Harrington, R. S.
     Astronomical Journal (ISSN 0004-6256), vol. 96, Oct. 1988, p. 1476-1478
     Sounds like one of Forbes planets (see Table 4A). This also implies Forbes' Vulcan like planet was taken seriously. Note that a following search for Planet X was conducted, but results were negative or not reported. Note also the depiction of Planet X at about 50 AU in a picture from the 1987 New Science and Invention Encyclopedia illustrated above. NOTE ALSO THAT PLANET X IS NOT A COMPANION TO THE SUN AS IS THE DEAD STAR DEPICTED IN THE ABOVE ILLUSTRATION.

      

     ORBITAL PARAMETERS OF
     HARRINGTON'S NEW AND FORBES OLD PLANET X

      

     Parameter	HARRINGTON'S PLANET	FORBES' PLANET
     Period (years)	1019	1076
     Eccentricity	0.411	0.167
     Inclination	32.4o	52o
     Asc. Node	275.4o	247o
     Perihelion Arg.	208.5o	115o
     Perihelion Epoch	6 Aug. 1789	1702
     Aphelion (AU)	142.8	122
     Perihelion (AU)	59.6	87

      

   • SEARCH FOR PLANET X - Harrington, Robert S.
     The observation of the region of the sky in which it is believed Planet X should now be, based on perturbations observed in the motions of Uranus and Neptune, was determined, and there was no reason to update that determination. A limited area of that region was photographed, and that will be continued. . . . Blinking will be done as soon as