by Karen Foster
April 20, 2016

from PreventDisease Website

Intestinal bacteria play a key role in causing and preventing many diseases. Some experts suggest specific bacteria can prevent all disease known.

A new study has once again suggested they could also reduce cancer risk.
 

There are over 400 species of bacteria in your belly right now that can be the key to health or disease.

Health care of the future may include personalized diagnosis of an individual's "microbiome" to determine what probiotics are needed to provide balance and prevent disease.

A role for gut microbes in gastrointestinal function has been well documented since researchers first described differences in the fecal bacteria of people with specific disease including cancer.
 

According to the paper, microbiota might delay the onset of cancer, with probiotic supplementation playing a role. The genomes of the bacteria and viruses of the human gut alone are thought to encode 3.3 million genes.

Data shows the gut microbiome influences many bodily processes and systems however the exact implications of dysbiosis are yet to be fully explained.

The microbiota has been shown to influence,

• energy metabolism

• beta-oxidation of lipids

• bile acid

In addition, its role in glutamine and tryptophan metabolism, as well as oxidative stress and immune response metabolites has been well documented.

Recent studies have largely focused on the regulatory and signaling pathways that are directly affected by the microbiome.

However, studies that directly examine the metabolic consequences of gut microbiome alterations are few and far between.
 

The Science Part

The Lactobacillus strain has many commercial applications with its cultures found in yogurt.

Researchers from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) began by isolating the bacterium Lactobacillus johnsonii 456, which is abundant in beneficial bacteria.

This Lactobacillus strain has many commercial applications with its cultures found in,

• yogurt

• kefir

• kombucha

• sauerkraut

Next, the team used mice that were bred with an ATM gene mutation.

This made them susceptible to ataxia telangiectasia (A-T), a neurological disorder associated with a high incidence of leukemia, lymphomas and other cancers.

The mice were then placed into one of two groups. One group were given only anti-inflammatory bacteria and the other received a mix of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory microbes that normally co-exist in the intestines.

In an analysis of the mice's urine and feces, the scientists found that mice receiving only the beneficial microbiota produced metabolites that are known to prevent cancer.

Those mice also had more efficient fat and oxidative metabolism, which the researchers believe might also lower the risk for cancer.

The mice receiving only the beneficial bacteria formed lymphomas half as quickly as other mice. These mice also lived four times longer and had less DNA damage and inflammation.
 

Gut Instinct

"Together, these findings lend credence to the notion that manipulating microbial composition could be used as an effective strategy to prevent or alleviate cancer susceptibility," the researchers write.

 

In the future, it is our hope that the use of probiotics-containing [supplements] would be a potential chemo-preventive for normal humans, while the same type of microbiota would decrease tumor incidence in cancer susceptible populations."

Despite efforts in the field of A-T research, the mechanisms that microbiota follow that cause lymphoma formation remain difficult to define.

It is known that ATM regulates the protective cellular response to oxidative stress by sensing double-stranded DNA breaks, thus inhibiting cell cycle progression.

As much as intestinal microbiota can exert a protective effect, its makeup can influence the response of cancer to therapies.

As much as intestinal microbiota can exert a protective effect, its makeup can induce cancer development, for example Helicobacter pylori, inducing gastric cancer and lymphoma in WT mice and humans, as well as potentially influencing the response of cancer to therapies.

ATM-deficient mice have provided a suitable subject to investigate the progression of certain cancers. These subjects have been the focus of previous studies that demonstrated these mice developed lymphomas and died between 2 and 5 months of age.

In attempting to explain how the metabolic changes in mice were as a result of their gut microbiome composition, the UCLA team looked to the analysis of urine and fecal sample results.

The data suggested that certain microbiota caused a metabolic shift towards the up-regulation of metabolites including,

• kyneurenic acid

• methyladenine

• 3-methybutyrolactone

These metabolites could weaken cancer-promoting signaling pathways, and have been previously shown protective abilities from certain cancer types, independent of the subject's genetic make-up.
 

6 Surprising Facts about Microbes in Your Gut
 

1. What's in Your Gut May Affect the Size of Your Gut

Need to lose weight? Why not try changing your gut bacteria? New research published in the journal Science suggests that the microbes in your gut may play a role in obesity.

 

A probiotic supplement of exceptional quality and effectiveness (like 'Laktokhan Probiotic Complex 60 V's') that contains at least 10 billion CPU (colony-forming units) of several human strains of "friendly" intestinal micro-flora can actively prevent weight gain.

 

 

 

2. Probiotics May Treat Anxiety and Depression

Scientists have been exploring the connection between gut bacteria and chemicals in the brain for years. New research adds more weight to the theory that researchers call "the microbiome-gut-brain axis."

 

Research published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Science shows that mice fed the bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus showed fewer symptoms of anxiety and depression.

 

Researchers theorize that this is because L. rhamnosus acts on the central gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system, which helps regulate emotional behavior.

 

L. rhamnosus, which is available as a commercial probiotic supplement, has also been linked to the prevention of diarrhea, atopic dermatitis, and respiratory tract infections.

 

 

 

3. The More Bacteria the Better

While bacteria on the outside of your body can cause serious infections, the bacteria inside your body can protect against it.

 

Studies have shown that animals without gut bacteria are more susceptible to serious infections. Bacteria found naturally inside your gut have a protective barrier effect against other living organisms that enter your body.

 

They help the body prevent harmful bacteria from rapidly growing in your stomach, which could spell disaster for your bowels.

 

To do this, they develop a give-and-take relationship with your body.

"The host actively provides a nutrient that the bacterium needs, and the bacterium actively indicates how much it needs to the host," according to a research (Gut Flora in Health and Disease) published in The Lancet.

 

 

4. Gut Bacteria Pass from Mother to Child in Breast Milk

It's common knowledge that a mother's milk can help beef up a baby's immune system. New research indicates that the protective effects of gut bacteria can be transferred from mother to baby during breastfeeding.

 

Work published in Environmental Microbiology shows that important gut bacteria travels from mother to child through breast milk to colonize a child's own gut, helping his or her immune system to mature.

 

 

 

5. Lack of Gut Diversity Is Linked to Allergies

Too few bacteria in the gut can throw the immune system off balance and make it go haywire with hay fever.

 

Researchers in Copenhagen reviewed the medical records and stool samples of 411 infants. They found that those who didn't have diverse colonies of gut bacteria were more likely to develop allergies.

 

But before you throw your gut bacteria a proliferation party, know that they aren't always beneficial.

 

 

 

6. Gut Bacteria Can Hurt Your Liver

Your liver gets 70 percent of its blood flow from your intestines, so it's natural they would share more than just oxygenated blood.

 

Italian researchers found that between 20 and 75 percent of patients with chronic fatty liver disease - the kind not associated with alcoholism - also had an overgrowth of gut bacteria.

 

Some believe that the transfer of gut bacteria to the liver could be responsible for chronic liver disease.

Sources

• plos.org - Chemopreventive Metabolites Are Correlated with a Change in Intestinal Microbiota Measured in A-T Mice and Decreased Carcinogenesis

• ncbi.nlm.nih.gov - The role of the gut microbiota in energy metabolism and metabolic disease

• sciencedaily.com - Gut microbes closely linked to proper immune function, other health issues

• niehs.nih.gov - The Environment Within: Exploring the Role of the Gut Microbiome in Health and Disease