ELECTRIC CHARGE, OPEN SYSTEM

• The electric charge of a charged particle is due to a violent exchange of virtual photons between the charged particle and the local vacuum VPF

  • photons continually absorbed from the vacuum

  • photons continually radiated back to the vacuum

  • this exchange flux is what electric charge IS.

   

• In the nucleus, everything is changing into everything, so to speak.  It is a furious, VPF-driven cauldron.

   

• the nucleus is an open, driven system, normally in equilibrium with respect to VPF input and output.