by Alister Doyle

Environment Correspondent Reuters

January 20, 2009

from Reuters Website

WILKINS ICE SHELF, Antarctica (Reuters) -

David Vaughan, a glaciologist with the British Antarctic Survey,

installs a pole as part of a satellite monitoring system into the Wilkins Ice Shelf off the Antarctic Peninsula on January 18, 2009.

A huge Antarctic ice shelf is on the brink of collapse with just a sliver of ice holding it in place, the latest victim of global warming that is altering maps of the frozen continent.

"We've come to the Wilkins Ice Shelf to see its final death throes," David Vaughan, a glaciologist at the British Antarctic Survey (BAS), told Reuters after the first - and probably last - plane landed near the narrowest part of the ice.

The flat-topped shelf has an area of thousands of square kilometers, jutting 20 meters (65 ft) out of the sea off the Antarctic Peninsula.

But it is held together only by an ever-thinning 40-km (25-mile) strip of ice that has eroded to an hour-glass shape just 500 meters wide at its narrowest.

A 20 meter-high ice cliff forming the edge of the Wilkins Ice shelf on the Antarctic Peninsula is seen from a plane January 18, 2009.

The huge Antarctic ice shelf is on the brink of collapse with just a sliver of ice holding it in place,

the latest victim of global warming that is altering maps of the frozen continent.

In 1950, the strip was almost 100 km wide.

"It really could go at any minute," Vaughan said on slushy snow in bright sunshine beside a red Twin Otter plane that landed on skis.

He added that the ice bridge could linger weeks or months.

The Wilkins once covered 16,000 sq km (6,000 sq miles). It has lost a third of its area but is still about the size of Jamaica or the U.S. state of Connecticut. Once the strip breaks up, the sea is likely to sweep away much of the remaining ice.

Icebergs the shape and size of shopping malls already dot the sea around the shelf as it disintegrates. Seals bask in the southern hemisphere summer sunshine on icebergs by expanses of open water.

A year ago, BAS said the Wilkins was "hanging by a thread" after an aerial survey.

"Miraculously we've come back a summer later and it's still here. If it was hanging by a thread last year, it's hanging by a filament this year," Vaughan said.

Antarctica's Wilkins Ice Shelf is seen disintegrating in a series of images taken from May 2008 (bottom) to July 2008 (top).

A huge Antarctic ice shelf is on the brink of collapse with just a sliver of ice holding it in place,

the latest victim of global warming that is altering maps of the frozen continent.

Nine other shelves have receded or collapsed around the Antarctic peninsula in the past 50 years, often abruptly like the Larsen A in 1995 or the Larsen B in 2002.

The trend is widely blamed on climate change caused by heat-trapping gases from burning fossil fuels.
 

WARMING TO BLAME

"This ice shelf and the nine other shelves that we have seen with a similar trajectory are a consequence of warming," Vaughan said.

In total, about 25,000 sq/km of ice shelves have been lost, changing maps of Antarctica. Ocean sediments indicate that some shelves had been in place for at least 10,000 years.

Vaughan stuck a GPS monitoring station on a long metal pole into the Wilkins ice on behalf of Dutch scientists. It will track ice movements via satellite.

The shelf is named after Australian George Hubert Wilkins, an early Antarctic aviator who is set to join an exclusive club of people who have a part of the globe named after them that later vanishes.

Loss of ice shelves does not raise sea levels significantly because the ice is floating and already mostly submerged by the ocean. But the big worry is that their loss will allow ice sheets on land to move faster, adding extra water to the seas.

Wilkins has almost no pent-up glaciers behind it. But ice shelves further south hold back vast volumes of ice.

"When those are removed the glaciers will flow faster," Vaughan said.

Temperatures on the Antarctic Peninsula have warmed by about 3 Celsius (5.4 Fahrenheit) since 1950, the fastest rise in the southern hemisphere. There is little sign of warming elsewhere in Antarctica.

BAS scientists and two Reuters reporters stayed about an hour on the shelf at a point about 2 km wide.

"It's very unlikely that our presence here is enough to initiate any cracks," Vaughan said. "But it is likely to happen fairly soon, weeks to months, and I don't want to be here when it does."

The U.N. Climate Panel, of which Vaughan is a senior member, projected in 2007 that world sea levels were likely to rise by between 18 and 59 cm (7 and 23 inches) this century.

But it did not factor in any possible acceleration of ice loss from Antarctica. Even a small change in the rate could affect sea levels, and Antarctica's ice sheets contain enough water in total to raise world sea levels by 57 meters.

About 190 nations have agreed to work out a new U.N. treaty by the end of 2009 to slow global warming, reining in emissions from burning fossil fuels in power plants, cars and factories.


 

FACTBOX
editing by Andrew Roche

The Antarctic Peninsula's vast Wilkins Ice Shelf is poised to become the 10^th floating shelf on the frozen continent to recede or vanish into the ocean.

A Reuters visit to the Wilkins with the British Antarctic Survey, making the first plane landing in the area, showed it was held in place only by a 40 km (25-mile) long strip of ice that has shrunk to about 500 meters (1,600 ft) wide at its narrowest point and could collapse at any time.

Fifty years ago, the strip was more than 100 km wide. The shelf is still about the size of Jamaica.

Following are facts about ice shelves.

• Ice shelves are extensions of land-based ice sheets that float on the sea. They can be several hundred meters thick and are found mainly in bays around Antarctica, with some in the Arctic. Antarctica's biggest, the Ross Ice Shelf, is the size of France.

• Scientists worry that that the collapse of ice shelves could prompt glaciers inland to start sliding faster toward the sea, raising sea levels. Antarctica holds enough fresh water to raise sea levels by 57 meters (187 ft), so even a limited melt would have big consequences.

• Since 1950, ten ice shelves on the Peninsula, which snakes up toward South America, have contracted or collapsed.

• The British Antarctic Survey reckons that 25,000 sq km (10,000 sq mile) of ice shelves have been lost in total - an area the size of Macedonia, Rwanda or the U.S. state of Vermont.

• Ice shelves that have broken up since 1950 are the Larsen A, Larsen B and Larsen C, Prince Gustav, Muller, Jones, Wordie, George VI north, George VI south and the Wilkins.

• Among the most dramatic collapses was that of the Larsen A within a few weeks in 1995, when satellite images abruptly showed the bay dotted with icebergs. The Larsen B also abruptly collapsed in 2002.